【摘要】：拼音語言文字的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),老年人比年輕人存在更大的閱讀困難。與年輕人相比,老年人在閱讀過程中的注視時(shí)間更長、回視次數(shù)更多。以英語為母語的老年閱讀者也傾向于采取風(fēng)險(xiǎn)閱讀策略,他們的跳讀率更高,眼跳幅度更長。但是,漢語屬于不同于拼音文字的正字法語言系統(tǒng)。那么,漢語老年閱讀者是否也存在更大的閱讀困難,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)閱讀策略是否能夠推廣到中文閱讀中,目前相關(guān)的研究還比較少。此外,情緒意義也會對詞匯加工過程產(chǎn)生影響。以往有關(guān)情緒詞的大多數(shù)研究采用行為、腦電和核磁共振成像技術(shù)考察了年輕人的情緒詞加工,發(fā)現(xiàn)與中性詞相比,情緒詞存在加工優(yōu)勢。那么,情緒詞的加工優(yōu)勢是否能夠推廣到老年群體中,目前還不是很清楚。另外,以往的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)詞匯加工存在注視位置效應(yīng),并且老年人比年輕人更傾向于注視雙字詞的首字位置。那么,首字情緒性是否會影響情緒詞的加工,也是一個(gè)值得探討的問題。本論文包含兩項(xiàng)研究,共4個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。研究一采用眼動追蹤技術(shù)考察了整詞情緒性對情緒詞加工的影響。其中,實(shí)驗(yàn)1和實(shí)驗(yàn)2分別考察了大學(xué)生和老年人在自然閱讀情境下對正性情緒詞和負(fù)性情緒詞的加工。在研究一的基礎(chǔ)上,研究二進(jìn)一步考察了首字情緒性對情緒詞加工的影響。其中,實(shí)驗(yàn)3和實(shí)驗(yàn)4分別考察了大學(xué)生和老年人對首字正性情緒詞和首字負(fù)性情緒詞的加工。在本研究條件下,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)與年輕人相比,漢語老年閱讀者的注視時(shí)間更長、注視次數(shù)和回視次數(shù)更多,這與拼音文字研究結(jié)果一致。這表明老年人比年輕人有更大的閱讀困難,并且這種與年齡相關(guān)的閱讀困難是穩(wěn)定存在的。(2)與年輕人相比,老年人在閱讀漢語時(shí)表現(xiàn)出跳讀率更低、眼跳幅度更短,這與拼音文字研究結(jié)果不一致。這表明漢語老年閱讀者并不是采取風(fēng)險(xiǎn)閱讀策略而是傾向于采用謹(jǐn)慎閱讀策略。這種差異反映了漢語閱讀系統(tǒng)的獨(dú)特的視覺和語言學(xué)要求。(3)首字情緒性會影響詞匯的加工過程。與首字中性情緒詞相比,首字負(fù)性情緒詞的注視時(shí)間更長,這種負(fù)性情緒的注意偏向特別體現(xiàn)在老年閱讀者身上。這表明首字情緒性對老年人的詞匯加工過程有更大的影響。
[Abstract]:A study of Pinyin finds that older people have greater difficulty in reading than young people. Compared with young people, the elderly gaze longer and look back more often during reading. Native English-speaking elderly readers also tend to adopt risk reading strategies with higher skip rate and longer range of saccade. However, Chinese belongs to orthographic language system which is different from phonetic characters. However, there are few researches on whether Chinese elderly readers have more difficulty in reading and whether risk reading strategies can be extended to Chinese reading. In addition, emotional meaning also has an effect on lexical processing. Most previous studies on emotional words used behavior, EEG and MRI techniques to investigate the processing of emotional words in young people. It was found that compared with neutral words, emotional words had processing advantages. It is not clear, then, whether the processing advantage of emotional words can be extended to the elderly. In addition, previous studies have found that lexical processing has a fixation position effect, and older people tend to focus on the first word position of two-character words more than young people. Therefore, whether emotionality affects the processing of emotive words is also a question worth discussing. This paper consists of two studies, a total of four experiments. In the first study, eye movement tracking technique was used to investigate the effect of the emotion of the whole word on the processing of emotional words. Among them, experiment 1 and experiment 2 examined the processing of positive and negative emotional words in natural reading context for college students and the elderly respectively. On the basis of the first study, the second study further examined the influence of emotionality on the processing of emotional words. Among them, experiment 3 and experiment 4 examined the processing of positive emotive words and negative emotive words. Under the conditions of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) compared with the young people, the Chinese elderly readers have longer fixation time, more fixation times and more times of looking back, which is consistent with the results of Pinyin study. This indicates that the elderly have greater difficulty in reading than young people, and this age-related difficulty is stable. (2) compared with young people, the elderly have lower skip rate and shorter range of saccade. This is inconsistent with the study of phonetic characters. This indicates that Chinese elderly readers tend to adopt cautious reading strategies rather than risk reading strategies. This difference reflects the unique visual and linguistic requirements of the Chinese reading system. (3) emotionality affects the processing of vocabulary. Compared with the neutral emotive words, negative emotive words have a longer fixation time, and the attention bias of negative emotions is especially reflected in the elderly readers. This suggests that emotionality has a greater impact on the lexical processing of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.6

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