【摘要】：不同情緒詞對正確記憶有顯著促進作用的同時,記憶中的錯誤還表現(xiàn)出情緒效價間的分離,消極詞會促進記憶中的錯誤,而積極詞會抑制記憶中的錯誤。錯誤記憶作為一種特殊的記憶錯誤現(xiàn)象,不同情緒詞同樣會對錯誤記憶產生不同影響,消極詞會促進錯誤記憶水平,而積極詞會抑制錯誤記憶水平。本研究將通過DRM范式,共設計了三個以情緒詞為材料的實驗,通過改變學習階段和提取階段的任務形式,考察情緒詞錯誤記憶的認知機制。探究是否積極詞具有字面表征加工優(yōu)勢,消極詞具有要點表征加工優(yōu)勢;積極詞和消極詞的監(jiān)測加工機制差異。實驗一在學習階段采用字體判斷任務,控制被試對學習詞表進行字面表征加工。結果發(fā)現(xiàn),積極詞在字體判斷任務下具有更強的錯誤記憶抑制能力,表現(xiàn)出字面表征加工優(yōu)勢;消極詞錯誤記憶水平并沒有受實驗任務影響,表現(xiàn)出顯著高于積極詞和中性詞的要點加工優(yōu)勢,消極詞加工更自動化。實驗二在學習階段采用熟悉度判斷任務,控制被試對學習詞表進行要點表征加工。結果發(fā)現(xiàn),消極詞在熟悉度判斷任務下具有更強的錯誤記憶促進能力,表現(xiàn)出要點表征加工優(yōu)勢;積極詞錯誤記憶水平受實驗任務顯著影響。實驗三在相同學習階段任務條件下,采用不同再認階段任務(一般再認/精確再認),進一步探究不同情緒詞加工機制差異。結果發(fā)現(xiàn),消極詞具有要點表征加工優(yōu)勢,并且加工受任務形式影響小,更自動化;積極詞加工受任務形式影響大,在字面表征加工受到抑制的情況下,表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)于消極詞的監(jiān)測能力,進而抑制錯誤記憶。三個實驗結果表明,不同情緒詞錯誤記憶機制有所不同,積極詞具有淺層字面表征加工優(yōu)勢,且監(jiān)測能力更強,加工機制受實驗任務影響較大,只有在任務指向字面加工時其加工優(yōu)勢才得以體現(xiàn),更偏向控制編碼加工。消極詞具有深層要點表征加工優(yōu)勢,且監(jiān)測能力較弱,加工機制受實驗任務影響較小,更偏向自動化加工。學習階段詞表性質和加工深度均會影響錯誤記憶水平,錯誤記憶的產生不單來自于編碼階段,而是編碼階段和提取階段共同作用的結果。
[Abstract]:While different emotional words can promote correct memory, the errors in memory also show the separation of emotional potency. Negative words will promote the errors in memory, while positive words will suppress the errors in memory. False memory as a special memory error phenomenon, different emotional words will also have different effects on false memory, negative words will promote the level of false memory, and positive words will inhibit the level of false memory. In this study, we designed three experiments based on DRM paradigm to investigate the cognitive mechanism of emotional word false memory by changing the task form of learning stage and extracting stage. To explore whether positive words have the advantages of literal representation processing, negative words have the advantages of main points representation processing; positive words and negative words monitor processing mechanism differences. In experiment 1, the font judgment task was used to control the literal representation of the learning vocabulary. The results showed that positive words had stronger ability to suppress false memory and showed the advantage of literal representation processing, but the level of negative word false memory was not affected by the experiment task. It showed significant advantages over positive words and neutral words, and negative word processing was more automatic. In the second experiment, familiarity judgment task was used to control the key representation of the learning vocabulary. The results show that negative words have a stronger ability to promote false memory under the task of familiarity judgment, showing the advantage of key representation processing, and that the level of positive word false memory is significantly affected by the experiment task. Under the same learning stage task conditions, experiment 3 uses different recognition stage tasks (general recognition / accurate recognition) to further explore the differences of processing mechanism of different emotional words. The results showed that negative words had the advantage of key representation processing, and the processing was less influenced by task form and more automatic, while positive word processing was greatly influenced by task form, and the literal representation processing was restrained. It shows better monitoring ability than negative words, and then restrains false memory. The results of the three experiments show that different emotional words have different mechanisms of false memory. Positive words have the advantages of shallow literal representation processing and stronger monitoring ability, and the processing mechanism is greatly affected by the experiment task. Only when the task points to the literal processing can its processing advantage be realized, and the control coding process is more preferred. Negative words have the advantages of deep key points, weak monitoring ability, less influence on processing mechanism by experimental tasks, and more preference for automatic processing. The properties and processing depth of vocabulary in learning stage can affect the level of false memory. The generation of false memory comes not only from the coding stage, but also from the result of the coaction between the coding stage and the extraction stage.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B842.3
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本文編號：2275647