【摘要】：自閉癥譜系障礙(Autism Spectrum Disorder,ASD)是一組嚴(yán)重影響兒童身心健康發(fā)展的神經(jīng)發(fā)育障礙,其核心癥狀是社會(huì)交往和溝通能力障礙、重復(fù)刻板的興趣、動(dòng)作或行為。視覺是我們從環(huán)境中獲取信息的主要通道,雙眼視覺是人類對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)環(huán)境的一種最完善的適應(yīng)表現(xiàn),其中,在雙眼視覺的平面融像(flat fusion)中雙眼起著重要的作用,雙眼融像(binocular fusion)是將各眼的像融合成單一物像的過(guò)程,雙眼融像效果好,有助于進(jìn)行更深層次的信息加工。為了探究ASD兒童場(chǎng)景加工時(shí)雙眼融像的特點(diǎn),預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn),選取3~6歲的26名正常兒童,讓他們自由觀看事先拍攝并處理好的12段視頻,通過(guò)采集眼動(dòng)追蹤數(shù)據(jù),獲取正常兒童觀看視頻時(shí)的注視點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù),通過(guò)比較各視頻上的注視點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù),以確定不同復(fù)雜度的場(chǎng)景視頻作為正式實(shí)驗(yàn)的視頻材料。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),12段視頻上的注視點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)存在顯著差異,考慮到視頻材料復(fù)雜度的穩(wěn)定性,本研究確定正式實(shí)驗(yàn)材料為物體場(chǎng)景中只有1個(gè)物體的場(chǎng)景(簡(jiǎn)單物體場(chǎng)景)、只有3個(gè)物體的場(chǎng)景(復(fù)雜物體場(chǎng)景);非社交場(chǎng)景中只有1個(gè)人物且無(wú)互動(dòng)的場(chǎng)景(簡(jiǎn)單非社交場(chǎng)景)、只有3個(gè)人物且無(wú)互動(dòng)的場(chǎng)景(復(fù)雜社交場(chǎng)景);社交場(chǎng)景中只有1對(duì)人物且有互動(dòng)的場(chǎng)景(簡(jiǎn)單社交場(chǎng)景)、只有3對(duì)人物且有互動(dòng)的場(chǎng)景(復(fù)雜社交場(chǎng)景)。研究一,選取了3~6歲的22名ASD兒童和23名正常兒童為被試,讓他們自由觀看預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中選取出的6段視頻。通過(guò)采集眼動(dòng)追蹤數(shù)據(jù),獲取兩組兒童在觀看視頻過(guò)程中雙眼的注視點(diǎn)間距(Distance of Binoculus Gaze Point,DBGP)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行比較說(shuō)明。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),(1)自閉癥兒童的雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距顯著大于正常兒童的雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距且具有跨場(chǎng)景的穩(wěn)定性;(2)在不同場(chǎng)景上,雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距具有中等或中等以上的鑒別價(jià)值,而且,在復(fù)雜社交場(chǎng)景上,雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距具有較高且穩(wěn)定的鑒別價(jià)值;(3)具體的視頻內(nèi)容分析顯示,在畫面呈現(xiàn)旋轉(zhuǎn)物體、人物細(xì)微動(dòng)作、人物面孔、人物張大嘴巴、人物大笑內(nèi)容時(shí),ASD兒童的雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距減小,雙眼融像效果較好而面對(duì)復(fù)雜社交場(chǎng)景時(shí),ASD兒童的雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距出現(xiàn)持續(xù)增大的現(xiàn)象,說(shuō)明ASD兒童雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距受到視頻具體畫面內(nèi)容的影響。研究二,讓研究一的被試自由觀看從研究一視頻中截取出的12張圖片。通過(guò)采集眼動(dòng)追蹤數(shù)據(jù),獲取兩組兒童在觀看圖片過(guò)程中雙眼的注視點(diǎn)間距指標(biāo),重點(diǎn)考察刺激材料為圖片時(shí),ASD兒童場(chǎng)景加工時(shí)雙眼融像的特點(diǎn)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),(1)自閉癥兒童的雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距顯著大于正常兒童的雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距且具有跨場(chǎng)景的穩(wěn)定性;(2)在不同場(chǎng)景上,雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距均具有較低的鑒別價(jià)值。本研究表明,自閉癥兒童的雙眼融像存在一定缺陷,被試觀看動(dòng)態(tài)場(chǎng)景時(shí)的雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距具有跨場(chǎng)景類別的鑒別價(jià)值,而觀看靜態(tài)場(chǎng)景圖片時(shí)雙眼注視點(diǎn)間距的鑒別價(jià)值較低。
[Abstract]:Autism spectrum disorder (Autism Spectrum Disorder,ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that seriously affect the development of children's physical and mental health. Its core symptoms are social interaction and communication ability, repetitive interest, action, or behavior. Vision is the main way for us to obtain information from the environment. Binocular vision is the most perfect performance of human adaptation to the understanding of the environment, in which binocular vision plays an important role in the plane fusion of binocular vision like (flat fusion). Binocular fusion image (binocular fusion) is a process of merging each eye image into a single object image. In order to explore the characteristics of binocular fusion in ASD children's scene processing, 26 normal children aged 3 or 6 years were selected to watch 12 videos taken and processed in advance, and to collect eye movement tracking data. The number of fixation points of normal children watching video is obtained and the number of fixation points on each video is compared to determine the scene video with different complexity as the video material of the formal experiment. The results show that there are significant differences in the number of fixation points in 12 video sequences, and considering the stability of video material complexity, In this study, the formal experimental materials were identified as the scene with only one object in the object scene (simple object scene), the scene with only three objects (the complex object scene), and the scene with only one character and no interaction in the non-social scene. (simple non-social scene), with only three characters and no interaction (complex social scene); social scene with only 1 pair of characters and interactive scene (simple social scene), and only 3 pairs of characters with interactive scene (complex social scene). In the first study, 22 ASD children aged 3 to 6 years and 23 normal children were selected as subjects, and they were given the freedom to watch the six videos selected in the pre-experiment. Through the acquisition of eye movement tracking data, the two groups of children's binocular fixation point spacing (Distance of Binoculus Gaze Point,DBGP) indexes were compared and explained in the course of watching video. The results showed that (1) the distance between binocular fixation points in autistic children was significantly larger than that in normal children and had stability across different scenes. In the complex social scene, the distance between binocular fixation points has high and stable discriminant value. (3) the detailed video content analysis shows that, in the picture, the rotating object, the subtle movement of the character, the face of the character, the open mouth of the character, When the characters laugh, the distance between the binocular fixation points of ASD children decreases, the binocular fusion effect is better, and the binocular fixation point spacing of ASD children increases continuously in the face of complex social scenes. The results showed that the distance between binocular fixation points of ASD children was affected by the video content. In study 2, subjects in study 1 were given the freedom to view 12 images taken from a video of the study. By collecting eye movement tracking data, the binocular fixation point spacing index of two groups of children in the process of viewing pictures was obtained, and the characteristics of binocular fusion in the processing of ASD children's scene were mainly investigated when the stimulus material was a picture. The results showed that (1) the distance between binocular fixation points of autistic children was significantly larger than that of normal children, and the binocular fixation points were stable across scenes; (2) the binocular fixation point spacing was of low value in different scenes. This study shows that the binocular fusion of autistic children has some defects, and the distance between binocular fixation points of subjects watching dynamic scenes has the value of cross-scene classification. However, the distance between binocular fixation points is lower when viewing static scene images.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：閩南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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