自我和他人的心理理論推理:自動(dòng)計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)上的控制加工
[Abstract]:Social cognition is an important research field in the cognitive revolution in the early 1970s. It focuses on how people understand themselves, others and society, and how they perceive themselves and others'hearts. The inference mechanism of the theory of mind is one of the most important problems. This paper takes adults as the object, and uses the variant of visual viewpoint acquisition task as the main test paradigm. It first explores the ego, and then explores the angle information processing of others under the condition of two-way information consistency and inconsistency. The difference of processing speed and error rate of degree (study 1) was studied. Then GO-NOGO task (study 2), emotional evocation (study 3), social hierarchy information evocation (study 4) was added to study the phenomenon of study 1 step by step. At the same time, the role of culture, discipline background and gender was explored. Finally, based on the existing research literature, different children were integrated. Based on the general situation, 131 college students were selected as subjects. In three visual selection experiments, participants were asked to base their own or other people's perspectives on the information in a specific scene (two perspectives of the letter). The results showed that: (1) When choosing explicit target-angle information (self-angle or other-angle), it was difficult to ignore irrelevant angle information (other-angle or self-angle). (2) Comparatively speaking, the processing of information selection of self-perspective is significantly faster than that of other people's perspective, and is more effective. (3) There is no gender difference in the processing of information selection of self-perspective, while in the process of choosing other people's perspective, female subjects are more effective than male subjects. This study concluded that there are two processes in the reasoning of the theory of mind: the automatic calculation and control selection of the self-angle and the other-angle psychology. The cultural background, gender and professional background constraints and adjustments of the test; however, in both types of processing, the role of inhibitory control is a further study. Sixty-nine undergraduates aged 18-23 were selected as subjects to perform single task (experiment 2 in the same study 1) and double task (a voice task with a variant of GO/NO GO) in the dual task, requiring information in a specific scene to be self-based. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the single task, the interference task significantly prolonged the response time under all conditions and at all angles, and there were still inconsistent effects on the self-angle processing. In addition, the difference between self-perspective and other-perspective also changed from significant to insignificant. (2) In the single task, the response time of female subjects was longer than that of male subjects. In the dual task, the gender difference disappeared. (3) There was no difference in the reaction conditions of liberal arts subjects. The results showed that the response time of science subjects under inconsistent conditions was significantly longer than that under consistent conditions, and the error rate of arts subjects under interference tasks was significantly higher than that of science subjects. However, inhibitory control plays a more important role in other people's angle selection than in self-angle selection, and these processes are limited and regulated by subjects'gender and academic background. In this study, 69 undergraduates were selected as subjects, using the paradigm of Study 1 (Experiment 1), and music was used to initiate the three emotional states of happiness, calmness and sadness at different times. The results showed that: (1) in sad mood, the processing speed of choosing the other person and the self was similar; but in happy and calm mood, the choosing of self-angle information was similar. (2) In the happy mood state, men's choice processing of self-angle information was significantly faster than that of other people's angle information, but there was no significant difference between women's and men's choice processing of self-angle information. Study 4 explored the influence of interpersonal nature on theoretical reasoning and its individual differences. This study selected 60 college students as subjects, using the paradigm of Study 1 (Experiment 1) to initiate subjects and subjects through sentences. The results showed that: (1) the response time of the subjects to choose to process their own angle information was shorter than that to process others'angle information, but they made more mistakes. Under the condition of inconsistent reaction, the subjects chose to process self-angular information faster than others'angular information. Under the condition of consistent reaction, the reaction time of the two angles was no difference. (2) The liberal arts subjects in different relationship situations. The response time of science subjects in different interpersonal situations was no difference. (3) Science subjects were significantly faster in choosing self-perspective information than in choosing other people's perspective information. Under inconsistent conditions, the error rates of the subjects were in the following order: the error rates of the subjects in the situation of equal relations, the error rates in the situation of equal relations, and the error rates in the situation of their own subordinate relations. The four interrelated studies corroborate each other on the basic mechanism issues and differ from each other on the influencing factors that restrict and regulate the basic mechanism. The basic problems of the theoretical reasoning explained are as follows: Firstly, in the process of psychological reasoning, there is the automation of the calculation and processing of self-angle information and other people's angle information. But the degree of automation of self-angle is higher than that of other people's angle information. Secondly, in the process of using psycho-theoretical reasoning, there is a process of controlling and choosing self-angle and other people's angle information, especially under the condition of inconsistent information between them. Third, based on the existing viewpoints (for example, the theory of mind is a two-component model of social perception and social cognition; there are two types of mental processing in human beings: fast and slow), this paper first proposes a two-system two-process model of the theory of mind, that is, there are "self-psychology" and "others'psychology". As the core of the dual representation system, its processing shows two processes: automatic calculation and selective control. The content of the dual representation system is constrained by individual cultural background, gender and subject background, the dual process is controlled by inhibition, and the relationship between emotional state and interpersonal level is regulated and restricted. Experimental evidence is provided for the two systems and two types of processing reasoning mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:B842
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