【摘要】：視覺場景中包含大量的信息,而人類在某一時刻能夠取樣并加工的信息非常有限。盡管有如此多的信息,人們還是可以通過視覺系統(tǒng)和認知系統(tǒng)在場景復(fù)雜的信息中獲得有效的信息,以實現(xiàn)人類與環(huán)境的互動。人們在理解場景的過程中不僅僅是列出場景中客體和背景的簡單清單,它還包含了對場景中所有實體間關(guān)系的具體表征。研究場景加工機制的一個有效方法是利用場景——客體間的一致性關(guān)系,研究人們是如何對此種場景及場景中的客體進行加工的。場景——客體間的一致性關(guān)系主要可以分為兩類:語義一致性關(guān)系和句法一致性關(guān)系。語義一致性是指客體出現(xiàn)在特定場景中的可能性即客體意義與場景意義的匹配性;句法一致性是指客體出現(xiàn)在場景中是否符合物理學(xué)定律即客體與場景的空間位置關(guān)系的合適性。之前研究多集中于語義關(guān)系的研究,但需要注意的是現(xiàn)實環(huán)境中客體的語義一致性關(guān)系和句法一致性關(guān)系往往是同時存在的,二者的加工激活不同的電生理反應(yīng)以及應(yīng)用不同的腦區(qū),所以在研究中只側(cè)重其中一個是有明顯不足的。本研究將場景——客體間語義一致性和句法一致性關(guān)系相結(jié)合,在設(shè)置好場景中客體顯著性的情況下在短暫呈現(xiàn)的場景圖片期間實時記錄被試眼動,可以更加生態(tài)化的探查場景一致性效應(yīng)差異對場景加工中注意偏向產(chǎn)生的時空變化;通過設(shè)置有、無場景提示兩種實驗條件,考察在自上而下為主的加工方式中和自下而上為主的加工方式中,場景語義關(guān)系加工和句法關(guān)系加工對注意偏向產(chǎn)生的影響。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果得出的結(jié)論如下:1.場景加工中表現(xiàn)出明顯的不一致性加工優(yōu)勢,對不一致性客體表現(xiàn)出更多的注意偏向,不一致性客體上獲得更多的注視次數(shù)更多、更長的注視時間、更短的注視潛伏期和更長的眼跳時間,在整體上占據(jù)更多的注視比例和注視時間;2.場景加工中語義關(guān)系和句法關(guān)系都會對場景加工中的注意分配產(chǎn)生影響,二者是兩種不同的關(guān)系;3.有、無場景提示條件下對場景加工中不一致性優(yōu)勢的眼動變化總體趨勢相似,最大的差異體現(xiàn)在首次注視潛伏期上和興趣區(qū)內(nèi)平均眼跳時間上,說明自上而下為主和自下而上為主的加工方式會影響場景加工中的注意偏向。
[Abstract]:Visual scene contains a lot of information, but human can sample and process information at a certain time is very limited. Although there is so much information, people can obtain effective information through visual system and cognitive system in order to realize the interaction between human and environment. In the process of understanding the scene, people not only make a simple list of objects and backgrounds in the scene, but also include a concrete representation of the relationship between all entities in the scene. An effective way to study the mechanism of scene processing is to study how people process the scene and the objects in the scene by using the consistency relationship between scenes and objects. The consistency relationship between scenes and objects can be divided into two categories: semantic consistency and syntactic consistency. Semantic consistency refers to the possibility that the object appears in a particular scene, that is, the matching between the object meaning and the scene meaning. Syntactic consistency refers to the appropriateness of the spatial position relationship between the object and the scene whether the object appears in the scene or not conforms to the law of physics. Previous studies have focused on semantic relationships, but it is important to note that the semantic consistency and syntactic consistency of objects often exist simultaneously in the real environment. Their processing activates different electrophysiological responses and uses different brain regions, so it is obviously inadequate to focus on one of them. In this study, the semantic consistency and syntactic consistency between the scene and the object were combined to record the eye movements of the subjects in real time during the brief presentation of scene images when the object significance in the scene was set. It is possible to explore more ecologically the temporal and spatial changes of attention bias in scene processing due to the difference of scene consistency effect; by setting up, there are no scenarios indicating the two experimental conditions, The effects of scene semantic processing and syntactic processing on attention bias in top-down processing and bottom-up processing were investigated. Based on the results of the study, the following is the conclusion: 1. In scene processing, there are obvious inconsistency processing advantages, more attention bias to inconsistent objects, more fixation times and longer fixation time on inconsistent objects. Shorter latency and longer duration of eye movement accounted for more attention and fixation time overall. In scene processing, both semantic and syntactic relations have an effect on the distribution of attention in scene processing, and they are two different relationships. Yes, the general trend of eye movement changes in the inconsistency advantage of scene processing was similar under the condition of no scene indication, the biggest difference was reflected in the first fixation latency and the average time of eye movement in the area of interest. It shows that top-down and bottom-up processing methods will affect the attention bias in scene processing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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