【摘要】：目的1.驗(yàn)證對(duì)相同信息使用不同圖形表征呈現(xiàn)時(shí)是否會(huì)使被試出現(xiàn)違背描述不變性的決策偏差,即是否存在圖形框架效應(yīng)。2.引入時(shí)間壓力變量,探討其與圖形版本對(duì)決策的影響關(guān)系,即時(shí)間壓力是否對(duì)圖形框架效應(yīng)具有影響。3.同時(shí)引入時(shí)間壓力和情緒兩個(gè)變量,探討兩者與圖形版本之間的關(guān)系,即時(shí)間壓力和情緒是否對(duì)圖形框架效應(yīng)具有影響。方法本研究先通過兩個(gè)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)分別確定時(shí)間壓力的限制值和情緒啟動(dòng)材料的有效性,然后采用2(時(shí)間壓力:有,無)X2(圖形版本:圖形版本一,圖形版本二)被試間設(shè)計(jì)作為正式實(shí)驗(yàn)一,探討時(shí)間壓力與圖形版本對(duì)決策偏好的影響;采用2(時(shí)間壓力:有,無)X2(情緒狀態(tài):正性情緒,負(fù)性情緒)X2(圖形版本:圖形版本一,圖形版本二)被試間設(shè)計(jì)作為正式實(shí)驗(yàn)二,對(duì)時(shí)間壓力和情緒兩因素與圖形版本對(duì)決策偏好的影響進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的因變量為被試對(duì)問題方案選項(xiàng)(品牌)的偏好分?jǐn)?shù)。被試在某師范院校實(shí)施課后自愿招募的形式獲得,并使用計(jì)算機(jī)中心統(tǒng)一配置的計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)被試施測(cè)。問卷材料采用圖形框架效應(yīng)提出者孫彥在其研究中所使用的MP3購買決策問題和疫苗注射決策問題,在計(jì)算機(jī)E-prime 2.0軟件上呈現(xiàn)問卷及指導(dǎo)語。時(shí)間壓力的限制值經(jīng)過預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定:被試在無時(shí)間壓力條件下完成問卷的平均時(shí)間減去一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差作為時(shí)間壓力的限制值。情緒啟動(dòng)材料經(jīng)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明有效:將兩段視頻材料分別作為正性情緒和負(fù)性情緒啟動(dòng)材料被試播放,并使用情緒自評(píng)量表《正性負(fù)性情緒量表PANAS》對(duì)被試施測(cè)后證明材料啟動(dòng)情緒的有效性。結(jié)果1.在正式實(shí)驗(yàn)一和實(shí)驗(yàn)二中,圖形版本的主效應(yīng)具有顯著性。在正式實(shí)驗(yàn)一中,MP3購買決策問題圖形版本的主效應(yīng)顯著F=6.82,p=0.010,疫苗注射決策問題圖形版本的主效應(yīng)顯著F=19.74,p=0.000;正式實(shí)驗(yàn)二中,MP3購買決策問題圖形版本的主效應(yīng)顯著F=9.09,p=0.003;疫苗注射決策問題圖形版本的主效應(yīng)顯著F=17.81,p=0.000。2.在正式實(shí)驗(yàn)二中,情緒的主效應(yīng)具有顯著性。其中MP3購買決策問題F=20.43,p=0.000,疫苗注射決策問題F=7.19,p=0.008。3.正式實(shí)驗(yàn)一及實(shí)驗(yàn)二中,MP3購買決策問題的圖形版本和時(shí)間壓力的交互作用具有顯著性。正式實(shí)驗(yàn)一中F=66,p=0.033;正式實(shí)驗(yàn)二中F=8.67,p=0.004。但是在疫苗注射決策問題中時(shí)間壓力和圖形版本的交互效應(yīng)不顯著,正式實(shí)驗(yàn)一中F=0.45,p=0.505;正式實(shí)驗(yàn)二中F=1.08,p=0.300。4.正式實(shí)驗(yàn)二中,疫苗注射決策問題的圖形版本和情緒的交互作用具有顯著性F= 4.15,p=0.043,但是在MP3購買決策問題中未發(fā)現(xiàn)此交互作用具有顯著性F=0.00,p=0.993。結(jié)論1.對(duì)完全相同文字信息使用不同的圖形版本呈現(xiàn)時(shí),被試決策的選擇偏好具有差異,即證實(shí)存在圖形框架效應(yīng)。2.對(duì)于MP3購買決策問題,圖形版本和時(shí)間壓力的交互作用具有顯著性,證明了圖形框架效應(yīng)是一個(gè)精細(xì)化加工的過程,并且圖形編輯的齊當(dāng)別模型GEM得到驗(yàn)證。3.決策時(shí)被試的情緒狀態(tài)會(huì)影響到對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的偏好程度。在疫苗注射決策問題中,處于不同的情緒狀態(tài)的被試的決策偏好會(huì)受到呈現(xiàn)圖形表征版本的影響。4.對(duì)于時(shí)間壓力和情緒是否會(huì)影響框架效應(yīng),取決于決策問題的情境。不同的情境差異會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:Objective 1. to verify whether there is a decision bias against the description invariance when using the different graphical representation of the same information, that is, whether there is a graphical framework effect.2. introducing the time pressure variable and explore the influence of the graphic version on the decision making, that is, whether the time pressure affects.3. at the same time as the graphical framework effect. The relationship between the time pressure and the emotion two variables, the relationship between the two and the graphic version, that is, whether the time pressure and the emotion have influence on the graphic framework effect. Method this study first determined the limit value of the time pressure and the effectiveness of the emotional starting material by two pre experiments, and then adopted the 2 (time pressure: there is no) X2 (Figure). Version 1: Version 1, graphic version two) a trial design as a formal experiment to explore the effect of time pressure and graphic version on decision preference; use 2 (time pressure: there is no) X2 (emotional state: positive emotion, negative emotion) X2 (graphic version: figure version one, graphic version two) as formal experiment two, time The two factors of stress and emotion and the influence of graphic version on decision preference are studied experimentally. The material adopts the MP3 purchase decision problem and the vaccine injection decision problem used by Sun Yan in his research, and presents a questionnaire and guidance on the computer E-prime 2 software. The limit value of the time pressure is measured by pre test: the average time of the test is subtracted from the time pressure bar and the average time of the questionnaire is reduced by one standard. The quasi difference is the limit value of the time pressure. The emotional starting material is proved to be effective by pre experiment: the two video materials are played as positive emotion and negative emotion starting material respectively, and the validity of the starting emotion of the material after the test is tested by the positive negative emotional scale PANAS>, and the result 1. is formally real. In the first and second experiment two, the main effect of the graphical version is significant. In the formal experiment one, the main effect of the graphical version of the MP3 purchase decision problem is significant F=6.82, p=0.010, the main effect of the graphical version of the vaccine injection decision problem is significant F=19.74, p=0.000; the main effect of the graphical version of the MP3 purchase decision problem is significant F=9.09, p= 0.003, the main effect of the graphical version of the vaccine injection decision problem is significant F=17.81, and the main effect of p=0.000.2. in the formal experiment II is significant. Among them, the MP3 purchase decision problem F=20.43, p=0.000, the vaccine injection decision problem F=7.19, the p=0.008.3. formal experiment one and the experiment two, the graphical version and time pressure of the MP3 purchase decision problem The interaction of force is significant. F=66, p=0.033, F=8.67, p=0.004. in formal experiment II, p=0.004. but there is no significant interaction effect between time pressure and graphic version in vaccine injection decision problem, F=0.45, p=0.505 in formal experiment 1, F=1.08 in formal experiment 2, formal experiment II of p=0.300.4., vaccine injection decision problem The interaction of graphic version and emotion is significant F= 4.15, p=0.043, but there is no significant F=0.00 in the MP3 purchase decision problem. When p=0.993. conclusion 1. presents different graphical versions of the same text information, the choice preference of the trial decision is different, that is to prove the existence of the graphical framework. The interaction between the graphical version and the time pressure is significant in response to.2.'s purchase decision on MP3. It proves that the graphical framework effect is a process of fine processing, and the emotional state of the tested.3. decision of the graphic editor GEM will affect the degree of preference to the risk. In the subject, the decision preference of the subjects in different emotional states will be influenced by the impact of.4. on the effect of time pressure and emotion on the framework effect, depending on the situation of decision problems. Different situational differences will produce different conclusions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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