【摘要】：目前,國內(nèi)外的大學(xué)生心理疾病患病率普遍較高,且逐年在上升(金雯,2014),其中,抑郁、焦慮、孤獨等內(nèi)化問題在如今的大學(xué)校園中尤為普遍,這些內(nèi)化問題對大學(xué)生的學(xué)校適應(yīng)和社會適應(yīng)的消極影響正越來越凸顯出來,因此本研究將抑郁、焦慮和孤獨這三種負性情緒作為測量大學(xué)生內(nèi)化問題的指標。在眾多導(dǎo)致內(nèi)化問題的原因中,既有外部因素,如家庭教養(yǎng)方式、應(yīng)激事件、學(xué)業(yè)壓力等;也有內(nèi)部因素,如人格方面(內(nèi)外向、神經(jīng)質(zhì)、羞怯等)和認知方面(負性認知態(tài)度、低自尊等)。其中,羞怯是影響大學(xué)生內(nèi)化問題一個很重要的因素,相比其他國家的學(xué)生,中國大學(xué)生的羞怯體驗更加普遍。適度的羞怯并沒有什么損害,反而會被認為謙遜、不張揚等良好品質(zhì),但過度的羞怯則會對個體帶來一系列心理問題,諸如引發(fā)社交焦慮、抑郁、孤獨等內(nèi)化問題,以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴、吸煙酗酒等外在行為問題。在羞怯導(dǎo)致內(nèi)化問題的過程中,消極的認知模式和情緒調(diào)節(jié)策略在其中扮演了一個很關(guān)鍵的角色。因此,本研究以中國大學(xué)生作為對象,考察了羞怯與內(nèi)化問題之間的關(guān)系,并從認知角度即負性自動思維和情緒調(diào)節(jié)策略兩方面來探討其在羞怯與內(nèi)化問題之間的影響機制。本研究采用了王倩倩修訂的Henderson《大學(xué)生羞怯量表》,包含對拒絕的恐懼、自責(zé)、表達的自我限制、尋求贊成四個維度;Hollon和Kendall(1980)設(shè)計的《自動思維問卷》,以及流調(diào)中心用《抑郁自評量表》(SDS)、《焦慮自評量表》(SAS)、《孤獨量表》(UCLA)和王力編制的《情緒調(diào)節(jié)量表》,包含表達抑制和認知重評兩個維度,對兩所大學(xué)的897名大學(xué)生進行了問卷調(diào)查,主要研究結(jié)論如下:1.大學(xué)生在羞怯水平上處于中等水平,在抑郁和焦慮、孤獨程度上處于偏低水平;羞怯大學(xué)生的抑郁、焦慮和孤獨水平要高于非羞怯大學(xué)生。2.羞怯在性別上有顯著差異,女大學(xué)生的羞怯水平要高于男大學(xué)生,羞怯在年級上無顯著差異。抑郁和焦慮在性別上均無顯著差異,在年級上有顯著差異,大一的抑郁水平顯著低于大二、大三和大四,大一的焦慮水平顯著低于大三和大四。孤獨在性別和年級上均不存在顯著差異。3.羞怯與負性自動思維、內(nèi)化問題(抑郁、焦慮、孤獨)均呈顯著正相關(guān);負性自動思維與抑郁、焦慮、孤獨均呈顯著正相關(guān);抑郁、焦慮和孤獨兩兩之間呈顯著正相關(guān);認知重評與羞怯相關(guān)不顯著,與負性自動思維、內(nèi)化問題(抑郁、焦慮、孤獨)呈顯著正相關(guān);表達抑制與羞怯、負性自動思維、抑郁、焦慮、孤獨呈顯著正相關(guān)。4.羞怯能有效地預(yù)測內(nèi)化問題,且羞怯對內(nèi)化問題的影響既有直接作用又有間接作用,負性自動思維和表達抑制、認知重評在羞怯與內(nèi)化問題之間起多重中介作用。
[Abstract]:At present, the prevalence of mental illness among college students at home and abroad is generally high, and it is rising year by year (Jin Wenwei 2014). Among them, depression, anxiety, loneliness and other internalization problems are particularly common in today's university campuses. The negative effects of these internalization problems on college students' school adaptation and social adaptation are becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, three negative emotions, depression, anxiety and loneliness, are taken as indicators to measure the internalization problems of college students. Among the many causes of internalization problems, there are not only external factors, such as family rearing style, stress events, academic stress and so on, but also internal factors, such as personality (introversion, neuroticism, etc.) Shyness, etc.) and cognitive aspects (negative cognitive attitudes, low self-esteem, etc.) Among them, shyness is a very important factor affecting the internalization of college students, and the shyness experience of Chinese college students is more common than that of other countries. Moderate shyness is not harmful, but is considered to be a good quality of modesty and invisibility, but excessive shyness can lead to a series of psychological problems, such as social anxiety, depression, loneliness and so on. And network dependence, smoking and drinking and other external behavior problems. In the process of internalization caused by shyness, negative cognitive patterns and emotion regulation strategies play a key role. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between shyness and internalization, and explores the mechanism of its influence between shyness and internalization from the cognitive perspective, i.e. negative automatic thinking and emotion regulation strategies. In this study, Wang Qianqian's revised Henderson scale for shyness of College students was used, which included fear of rejection, self-reproach and self-restriction of expression. To seek support for the Automated thinking questionnaire designed by four dimensions Hollon and Kendall (1980), and the Self-rating Depression scale > (SDS), < anxiety Self-Rating scale > (SAS), < Lonely scale > (UCLA) and Wang Li developed by the Center for flow Adjustment, including expression inhibition and mood Regulation scale. Cognitive reassessment of two dimensions, A questionnaire survey was conducted among 897 college students from two universities. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The degree of depression, anxiety and loneliness of shy college students is higher than that of non-shy college students. The shyness level of female college students was higher than that of male students, but shyness had no significant difference in grade. The level of depression in freshman was significantly lower than that in sophomore, junior and senior, and the anxiety level in freshman was significantly lower than that in junior and senior. Loneliness has no significant difference in gender and grade. There was a significant positive correlation between shyness and negative automatic thinking, internalized problems (depression, anxiety, loneliness), negative automatic thinking and depression, anxiety, loneliness, depression, anxiety and loneliness. Cognitive reassessment was not significantly correlated with shyness, but positively correlated with negative automatic thinking, internalized problems (depression, anxiety, loneliness), expression inhibition and shyness, negative automatic thinking, depression, anxiety and loneliness. Shyness can effectively predict the problem of internalization, and the influence of shyness on the problem of internalization has both direct and indirect effects, negative automatic thinking and expression inhibition, and cognitive reevaluation plays a multiple intermediary role between shyness and internalization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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