【摘要】：人類的情緒活動具有重要的生存適應(yīng)性價值。它往往是個體身心適應(yīng)，，包括安全、食物，以及人類在進化過程中形成的高級需求的直接指標。情緒活動對認知過程產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。消極的情緒狀態(tài)對心理健康，社會適應(yīng)及高級認知活動往往具有妨礙作用，不良情緒往往干擾正常進行的工作記憶，執(zhí)行控制，推理和決策等高級認知活動，降低工作效率。已有大量研究表明，相比正性刺激，人類對負性刺激的效價強度更敏感。那么，不同種類的負性情緒是否都具有效價易感性？大腦對這些情緒的效價易感性表達上具有怎樣的特點？這些問題對人類情緒強度變化的研究具有重要的意義。 本研究從行為學(xué)、認知心理學(xué)、電生理學(xué)等不同層面，利用高時間分辨率的事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù)，以情緒維度理論為基礎(chǔ)，以負性情緒中與威脅進化論密切相關(guān)的厭惡情緒為代表，探討不同負性情緒的效價易感性的特異性及其神經(jīng)機制，是對負性情緒效價易感性的驗證性支持和進一步完善，為情緒負性偏向提供基本情緒維度上的支持和探索。 研究的主要結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：預(yù)實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，負性情緒在其基本情緒維上沒有明確的清晰區(qū)分，多種情緒的相互依賴性和干擾性較大；ERP實驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，厭惡情緒的效價易感性在P2和LPC階段，極度厭惡刺激所誘發(fā)的波峰顯著性大于中度厭惡和中性刺激[P2: F(2,13)=9.170, p=0.003, η2=0.58; LPC:F(2,13)=6.716, p0.01,η2=0.379]]；對于恐懼情緒圖片，P2階段的中度恐懼所誘發(fā)的大腦波形顯著性大于中性圖片[F(2,13)=5.573, p=0.018, η2=0.46]；N2階段的中度恐懼所誘發(fā)的波峰值顯著性大于中性圖片所誘發(fā)的波峰值[F(2,13)=5.863，p=0.015，η2=0.47]。 研究結(jié)論為：（1）負性情緒的場景刺激在基本情緒的表達中具有多樣性和復(fù)雜性，并受到被試不同文化背景和主觀認知差異的影響。（2）人們對厭惡刺激的效價易感性主要表現(xiàn)在早期的注意階段和晚期的記憶整合階段；（3）人們對恐懼的刺激的效價易感性主要表現(xiàn)在早期的注意階段，同時超限抑制會減弱大腦對極度恐懼刺激的反應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Human emotional activities have important adaptive value for survival. It is often a direct indicator of individual physical and mental adaptation, including safety, food, and the advanced needs of human evolution. Emotional activity has a great influence on cognitive process. Negative emotional state often hinders mental health, social adaptation and high-level cognitive activities, and bad emotions often interfere with normal working memory, executive control, reasoning and decision-making, and reduce work efficiency. A large number of studies have shown that humans are more sensitive to the titer of negative stimuli than positive stimuli. So, are all different types of negative emotions susceptible to titer? What are the characteristics of the brain's susceptibility to these emotions? These problems are of great significance to the study of the change of human emotional intensity. This study is based on the theory of emotional dimension, using the event-related potential technology of high time resolution from different aspects of behavioral science, cognitive psychology, electrophysiology and so on. With negative emotions closely related to the threat evolution theory of aversion as the representative, to explore the specificity of different negative emotions titer susceptibility and its neural mechanism is to verify the negative emotional susceptibility to support and further improve. To provide the basic emotional dimension support and exploration for negative emotional bias. The main results of the study are as follows: Pre-experiment found that negative emotions are not clearly distinguished in their basic emotional dimensions, and that the interdependence and interference of many emotions are greater than that of ERP experiments. In P2 and LPC stage, the peak induced by extreme aversion stimulation was significantly higher than that induced by moderate aversion and neutral stimulation [P _ 2: F _ (2C13) 9.170, p _ (0.003), 畏 _ (20.58); LPC:F (~ (2) ~ (13) ~ (6.716), p _ (0.01), 畏 _ (20.379)]. The brain waveform induced by moderate fear in P2 stage was significantly higher than that in neutral image [F (2C13) 5.573, p0. 018, 畏 2 + 0. 46]. The peak value of moderate fear in N2 stage was significantly higher than that in neutral image [F (213) 5.863p0. 015, 畏 2 0. 47]. The conclusions are as follows: (1) scene stimuli of negative emotions have diversity and complexity in the expression of basic emotions. They were influenced by different cultural backgrounds and subjective cognitive differences. (2) the titer susceptibility of people to aversion stimuli was mainly manifested in the early attention stage and the late memory integration stage; (3) the titer susceptibility of people to fear stimuli is mainly at the early stage of attention, and the inhibition of excessive inhibition weakens the brain response to extreme fear stimuli.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.6

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