原型啟發(fā)能力的蔡克尼克效應(yīng)及其腦機(jī)制研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 20:27
【摘要】：在解決科學(xué)發(fā)明問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中,當(dāng)找不到解決的方法時(shí),有時(shí)候會(huì)偶然碰到一個(gè)表面上看似無(wú)關(guān)的事物并從中獲得頓悟。從頓悟的醞釀到思維定勢(shì)的打破的過(guò)程中,為何高原型啟發(fā)能力的個(gè)體在遇到表面上不相關(guān)的事物(原型)的時(shí)候更容易激活未解決的問(wèn)題?是否高低原型啟發(fā)理論的個(gè)體在問(wèn)題理解過(guò)程中對(duì)問(wèn)題的保持探索能力以及選擇偏向會(huì)影響最終頓悟的形成呢?此外,其他創(chuàng)造性相關(guān)的人格特質(zhì)(模糊容忍度)在這種未解決問(wèn)題的保持狀態(tài)上是否有差異呢?這就是本研究需要解決的問(wèn)題。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一采取單因素的被試間設(shè)計(jì),目的在于探討原型啟發(fā)能力與科學(xué)發(fā)明材料中的蔡克尼克效應(yīng)(未解決問(wèn)題的回憶力)的關(guān)系。實(shí)驗(yàn)中自變量是原型啟發(fā)能力,包括兩個(gè)水平(相對(duì)高分組和相對(duì)低分組)；因變量為未解決問(wèn)題的回憶情況。計(jì)算方法：未解決問(wèn)題的回憶數(shù)／未解決問(wèn)題的總數(shù)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果為：相對(duì)原型啟發(fā)能力高低兩組在未解決問(wèn)題的回憶情況上差異顯著,t(34)=-3.01,p0.01,表明高的原型啟發(fā)能力的被試對(duì)未解決問(wèn)題的回憶率更好,也就是說(shuō)相對(duì)高分組在頭腦中儲(chǔ)存問(wèn)題的效果更好；除此之外,相對(duì)于沒(méi)有原型的條件下,有原型條件下原型啟發(fā)能力的得分與創(chuàng)造性傾向得分的總分相關(guān)更顯著,這些結(jié)果也表明原型啟發(fā)范式測(cè)到的能力很可能是一種創(chuàng)造性能力。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二是兩因素被試間設(shè)計(jì),目的在于探討原型啟發(fā)能力以及模糊容忍度人格特質(zhì)與科學(xué)發(fā)明材料中的蔡克尼克效應(yīng)(未解決創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題的回憶率,科學(xué)問(wèn)題回憶傾向性,未解決問(wèn)題回憶傾向性)的關(guān)系。實(shí)驗(yàn)中自變量是原型啟發(fā)能力,包括兩個(gè)水平(相對(duì)高分組和相對(duì)低分組),模糊容忍度傾向,包括兩個(gè)水平(相對(duì)高傾向和相對(duì)低傾向)。因變量：未解決創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題的回憶率,計(jì)算方法：未解決創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題的回憶數(shù)／未解決的創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題的總數(shù)(與實(shí)驗(yàn)一不同的是,本實(shí)驗(yàn)中主要考察被試主動(dòng)的對(duì)未解決科學(xué)問(wèn)題的回憶情況)；未解決問(wèn)題回憶傾向性,計(jì)算方法：未解決問(wèn)題回憶數(shù)／總問(wèn)題回憶個(gè)數(shù);創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題回憶傾向性,計(jì)算方法：創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題的回憶個(gè)數(shù)／總的問(wèn)題回憶個(gè)數(shù)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果：原型啟發(fā)能力在三個(gè)因變量指標(biāo)上差異都顯著。這些結(jié)果表明,高原型啟發(fā)個(gè)體對(duì)于創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題、未解決的問(wèn)題有更高的選擇和關(guān)注的傾向性；高原型啟發(fā)個(gè)體對(duì)于對(duì)未解決的科學(xué)問(wèn)題有能好的回憶率。模糊容忍度傾向在三個(gè)因變量指標(biāo)上差異也顯著。結(jié)果表明,高模糊容忍度的個(gè)體同樣更傾向于選擇性的回憶沒(méi)有解決的創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題。 實(shí)驗(yàn)三通過(guò)對(duì)“蔡克尼克效應(yīng)”的得分與區(qū)域性灰質(zhì)體積進(jìn)行相關(guān),得到與蔡克尼克效應(yīng)個(gè)體差異相關(guān)的腦區(qū)為：海馬、海馬旁回及上部的顳上回。其中海馬及海馬旁回在目標(biāo)尋求和情緒控制中的功能是高“蔡克尼克效應(yīng)”產(chǎn)生的關(guān)鍵。高創(chuàng)造性者對(duì)“科學(xué)難題”具有更高的“孜孜不倦”的追求,即更強(qiáng)的“蔡格尼克效應(yīng)”。而這種孜孜不倦的追求會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)問(wèn)題的編碼更好繼而感受性提高,因此更容易在面對(duì)原型的時(shí)候激活“科學(xué)難題”。此外高模糊容忍度的個(gè)體在對(duì)于未解決問(wèn)題回憶的傾向性上,更關(guān)注創(chuàng)造性的科學(xué)發(fā)明問(wèn)題,說(shuō)明模糊容忍度是原型啟發(fā)能力的一種重要人格特質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:In the process of solving the problem of scientific invention, when the solution can not be found, sometimes a seemingly unrelated thing on the surface will come across and get an insight from it. In the course of the break from the gestation of the Epiphany to the breaking of the thinking set, why the individuals of the plateau type enlightening ability are in the surface of the seemingly unrelated things (archetype) Is it easier to activate unsolved problems? Is the individual's ability to explore the problem in the process of problem understanding and the choice of preference for the formation of final insight in the process of problem understanding? In addition, are other creative related personality traits (fuzzy tolerance) different in this unsolved problem? This is the problem that this research needs to solve.
A single factor design was designed to explore the relationship between archetypal heuristics and the kenkenk effect in scientific inventions. In the experiment, the independent variables were prototype heuristics, including two levels (relatively high groups and phase to low groups); and the dependent variables were unsolved problems. Calculating method: the number of unresolved memories / the total number of unresolved problems.
The results of the experiment are: the two groups of relative archetype heuristics differ significantly in the memory of unsolved problems, t (34) =-3.01, P0.01, indicating that the higher prototype heuristics have better recall rate for unsolved problems, that is, the effect of relatively high grouping in the brain is better; in addition, it is relative to no original. Under the condition of type, the score of prototype heuristics is more related to the total score of the creative tendency score under the prototype condition. These results also show that the ability of the prototype heuristics is probably a creative ability.
Experiment two was designed with two factors, the purpose of which was to explore the relationship between archetypal heuristics, the personality traits of fuzzy tolerance and the kenkenk effect in scientific inventions (the recall of unsolved creative problems, recollection of scientific problems, and unsolved recollection of problems). There are two levels (relatively high and relatively low groups), the tendency of fuzzy tolerance, including two levels (relatively high tendencies and relatively low tendencies). Dependent variables: the recollection rate of unsolved creative problems, the calculation method: the total number of creative problems that have not solved the number of creative problems / unresolved (and the experiment one is, this is the same. In the experiment, we mainly investigated the subjects' active recall of unsolved scientific problems; unsolved problem recollection tendency, calculation method: recollection number of unsolved problem recollection / total problem, creative problem recollection tendency, calculation method: recollection number of creative question / total question recollection.
The results of the experiment: the difference between the prototype heuristic ability on the three dependent variables. These results show that the plateau type enlightening individual has a higher choice and inclination for the problem of creativity and unsolved problems; the plateau type enlightening individual has a good recollection rate for the unsolved scientific questions. The results showed that individuals with high fuzzy tolerance also tended to selectively recall unsolved creative problems.
In experiment three, the correlation between the score of the "kniknik effect" and the volume of regional gray matter was correlated. The brain regions associated with the individual differences in the CAI Nike effect were the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the upper temporal gyrus. The function of the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus in target seeking and emotional control was produced by the high "Cai Nike effect". The key. High creative people have a higher "tireless" pursuit of "scientific problems", that is, the stronger "Cai Ge Nick effect". This tireless pursuit will lead to better coding and better perception of the problem, so it is easier to activate the "scientific problem" in the face of the prototype. In addition, the high ambiguity tolerance The individual is more concerned with the creative problem of scientific invention in the tendency to recall unsolved problems, indicating that the degree of fuzzy tolerance is an important personality trait of the ability to inspire the prototype.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842
本文編號(hào)：2142561
[Abstract]:In the process of solving the problem of scientific invention, when the solution can not be found, sometimes a seemingly unrelated thing on the surface will come across and get an insight from it. In the course of the break from the gestation of the Epiphany to the breaking of the thinking set, why the individuals of the plateau type enlightening ability are in the surface of the seemingly unrelated things (archetype) Is it easier to activate unsolved problems? Is the individual's ability to explore the problem in the process of problem understanding and the choice of preference for the formation of final insight in the process of problem understanding? In addition, are other creative related personality traits (fuzzy tolerance) different in this unsolved problem? This is the problem that this research needs to solve.
A single factor design was designed to explore the relationship between archetypal heuristics and the kenkenk effect in scientific inventions. In the experiment, the independent variables were prototype heuristics, including two levels (relatively high groups and phase to low groups); and the dependent variables were unsolved problems. Calculating method: the number of unresolved memories / the total number of unresolved problems.
The results of the experiment are: the two groups of relative archetype heuristics differ significantly in the memory of unsolved problems, t (34) =-3.01, P0.01, indicating that the higher prototype heuristics have better recall rate for unsolved problems, that is, the effect of relatively high grouping in the brain is better; in addition, it is relative to no original. Under the condition of type, the score of prototype heuristics is more related to the total score of the creative tendency score under the prototype condition. These results also show that the ability of the prototype heuristics is probably a creative ability.
Experiment two was designed with two factors, the purpose of which was to explore the relationship between archetypal heuristics, the personality traits of fuzzy tolerance and the kenkenk effect in scientific inventions (the recall of unsolved creative problems, recollection of scientific problems, and unsolved recollection of problems). There are two levels (relatively high and relatively low groups), the tendency of fuzzy tolerance, including two levels (relatively high tendencies and relatively low tendencies). Dependent variables: the recollection rate of unsolved creative problems, the calculation method: the total number of creative problems that have not solved the number of creative problems / unresolved (and the experiment one is, this is the same. In the experiment, we mainly investigated the subjects' active recall of unsolved scientific problems; unsolved problem recollection tendency, calculation method: recollection number of unsolved problem recollection / total problem, creative problem recollection tendency, calculation method: recollection number of creative question / total question recollection.
The results of the experiment: the difference between the prototype heuristic ability on the three dependent variables. These results show that the plateau type enlightening individual has a higher choice and inclination for the problem of creativity and unsolved problems; the plateau type enlightening individual has a good recollection rate for the unsolved scientific questions. The results showed that individuals with high fuzzy tolerance also tended to selectively recall unsolved creative problems.
In experiment three, the correlation between the score of the "kniknik effect" and the volume of regional gray matter was correlated. The brain regions associated with the individual differences in the CAI Nike effect were the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the upper temporal gyrus. The function of the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus in target seeking and emotional control was produced by the high "Cai Nike effect". The key. High creative people have a higher "tireless" pursuit of "scientific problems", that is, the stronger "Cai Ge Nick effect". This tireless pursuit will lead to better coding and better perception of the problem, so it is easier to activate the "scientific problem" in the face of the prototype. In addition, the high ambiguity tolerance The individual is more concerned with the creative problem of scientific invention in the tendency to recall unsolved problems, indicating that the degree of fuzzy tolerance is an important personality trait of the ability to inspire the prototype.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 唐曉晨;龐嬌艷;羅勁;;頓悟中的蔡格尼克效應(yīng):左右腦在解題失敗與提示信息加工時(shí)的活動(dòng)差異[J];科學(xué)通報(bào);2009年22期
，本文編號(hào)：2142561
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