人際威脅情境下依戀與認(rèn)知負(fù)荷對(duì)關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-13 15:02
【摘要】：權(quán)衡關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)被認(rèn)為是親密關(guān)系中一種常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象,威脅既會(huì)促使個(gè)體產(chǎn)生尋求親近的想法及行為,也會(huì)使其產(chǎn)生可能遭到拒絕、受到傷害的相關(guān)思考及行為。對(duì)親近目標(biāo)的尋求會(huì)使得個(gè)體增加對(duì)戀人的依賴(lài)性,有時(shí)候甚至?xí)雎员痪芙^的可能性,而對(duì)拒絕和關(guān)系喪失的擔(dān)憂則會(huì)加劇這種依賴(lài)感。但當(dāng)人們更多尋求自我防御的目標(biāo)時(shí),則會(huì)在短期內(nèi)減少對(duì)戀人的依賴(lài)性,增加與其之間的距離,從而避免長(zhǎng)期關(guān)系的喪失。 成人依戀作為個(gè)體與重要他人相處過(guò)程中形成的特殊情感聯(lián)結(jié),會(huì)影響親密關(guān)系的質(zhì)量。大量研究表明,安全型依戀風(fēng)格的個(gè)體在戀愛(ài)中會(huì)體驗(yàn)到更多的正性情緒,對(duì)戀人的描述更積極,更傾向于與伴侶進(jìn)行溝通交流,而不安全依戀個(gè)體則傾向于與戀人拉開(kāi)距離(回避依戀),或過(guò)度尋求戀人的支持(焦慮依戀),而這些表現(xiàn)會(huì)導(dǎo)致戀愛(ài)雙方都感到戀愛(ài)質(zhì)量的下降,從而影響個(gè)體在戀愛(ài)中的滿意度和幸福感。同時(shí),依戀理論指出,依戀風(fēng)格的防御策略可能需要依賴(lài)認(rèn)知資源,施加認(rèn)知負(fù)荷可能會(huì)改變個(gè)體不良的人際策略,因此,對(duì)依戀風(fēng)格與關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)之間關(guān)系的研究有助于探明不同依戀風(fēng)格個(gè)體在戀愛(ài)中的相處模式,為未來(lái)關(guān)系的改進(jìn)提供一些指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)。 目的： 本研究采用問(wèn)卷法和實(shí)驗(yàn)法相結(jié)合的方法考察了人際威脅情境下特質(zhì)性依戀風(fēng)格以及認(rèn)知負(fù)荷對(duì)個(gè)體關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)的影響作用,共包含1個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)試和3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,預(yù)測(cè)試通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查探明了特質(zhì)性依戀風(fēng)格和關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系,研究一和研究二分別從內(nèi)隱目標(biāo)激活和個(gè)體行為意愿角度考察了人際威脅情境下特質(zhì)性依戀風(fēng)格對(duì)個(gè)體關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)選擇的影響,研究三在研究二的基礎(chǔ)上,考察了認(rèn)知負(fù)荷在依戀風(fēng)格與個(gè)體關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)的關(guān)系中起到的作用。 方法： 研究一從無(wú)意識(shí)的層面上,考察了人際威脅情境下,特質(zhì)性依戀風(fēng)格對(duì)個(gè)體關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)激活的影響；同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了回憶書(shū)寫(xiě)任務(wù)是否能夠啟動(dòng)人際威脅。以58名處在戀愛(ài)關(guān)系中的大學(xué)生為被試,首先采用親密關(guān)系經(jīng)歷量表(ECR問(wèn)卷)測(cè)量被試的特質(zhì)性依戀風(fēng)格,然后隨機(jī)分為兩組,一組被試通過(guò)回憶書(shū)寫(xiě)重要他人做過(guò)的令自己失望的事情來(lái)引起人際威脅,另一組則通過(guò)回憶假期的一件事作為中性控制組,最后所有被試完成判斷是非詞的詞匯決策任務(wù)。 研究二從真實(shí)行為意愿的層面上,考察了戀人威脅情境下個(gè)體特質(zhì)性依戀風(fēng)格對(duì)個(gè)體關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)的影響。以56名處在戀愛(ài)關(guān)系中的大學(xué)生為被試,首先完成ECR和一般關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)問(wèn)卷,然后隨機(jī)分為兩組,一組采用與研究一威脅啟動(dòng)組類(lèi)似的回憶書(shū)寫(xiě)任務(wù)造成戀人威脅情境,另一組作為中性控制組,然后所有被試完成與關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)相關(guān)的測(cè)量(包括對(duì)關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)、親近感和依賴(lài)感的測(cè)量)。 研究三在研究二的基礎(chǔ)上,加入了認(rèn)知負(fù)荷因素,考察戀人威脅情境下依戀風(fēng)格對(duì)于個(gè)體關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)的影響是否依賴(lài)認(rèn)知資源,是否屬于控制加工的過(guò)程,以55名處在戀愛(ài)關(guān)系中的大學(xué)生為被試,首先完成ECR和一般關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)問(wèn)卷,然后所有被試完成與研究二威脅啟動(dòng)組相同的回憶書(shū)寫(xiě)任務(wù)造成戀人威脅情境,再將被試隨機(jī)分為兩組,一組是在完成關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)相關(guān)測(cè)量時(shí)被要求記住并再認(rèn)9個(gè)字母的高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組,另一組是在完成關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)相關(guān)測(cè)量時(shí)被要求記住并再認(rèn)3個(gè)字母的低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組。 結(jié)果： 不同依戀風(fēng)格個(gè)體在人際威脅情境下對(duì)關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)詞的反應(yīng)時(shí)不同。具體表現(xiàn)為,低依戀焦慮個(gè)體在人際威脅情境下對(duì)關(guān)系趨近目標(biāo)詞的反應(yīng)更快；高依戀回避個(gè)體在人際威脅情境下對(duì)自我防御目標(biāo)詞的反應(yīng)更快。 不同依戀風(fēng)格個(gè)體在戀人威脅情境下對(duì)關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)的影響不同。具體表現(xiàn)為,高依戀回避個(gè)體在戀人威脅情境下對(duì)自我防御目標(biāo)的尋求更強(qiáng)；低依戀焦慮個(gè)體在人際威脅情境下的依賴(lài)感水平更高。 戀人威脅情境下,認(rèn)知負(fù)荷影響了依戀風(fēng)格對(duì)關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)的影響作用。具體表現(xiàn)為,戀人威脅情境下,高依戀回避個(gè)體會(huì)傾向于選擇自我防御目標(biāo),降低對(duì)關(guān)系趨近目標(biāo)、親近感和依賴(lài)感的尋求,但在高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷條件下,高依戀回避個(gè)體對(duì)于關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)的尋求表現(xiàn)趨同于低依戀回避個(gè)體。 結(jié)論： 依戀風(fēng)格可以調(diào)節(jié)矯正人們?cè)谌穗H威脅情境中對(duì)戀人的關(guān)系趨避目標(biāo)反應(yīng),且依戀回避的矯正過(guò)程是控制加工的過(guò)程,可以通過(guò)控制不安全依戀個(gè)體的認(rèn)知資源來(lái)矯正其不良的人際交往反應(yīng),促進(jìn)戀愛(ài)關(guān)系的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Trade-offs are considered to be a common phenomenon in intimacy. Threats not only cause individuals to produce close ideas and behaviors, but also create related thinking and behavior that may be rejected and hurt. The search for close goals will increase the dependence of the individual on the lover and sometimes even ignore it. The possibility of rejection and the fear of rejection and loss of relations exacerbate the sense of dependence. But when people seek more self defense goals, they reduce their dependence on the lover in the short term and increase the distance between them, thus avoiding the loss of long-term relationships.
The attachment of adult attachment as a special emotional connection between individuals and important others affects the quality of intimate relationships. A large number of studies have shown that individuals with a safe attachment style experience more positive emotions in love, more active in the description of lovers, more inclined to communicate with their partners, and unsafe attachment. The body tends to open the distance to the lover (evasion attachment) or to seek the support of the lover (anxiety attachment), which can lead to a decline in the quality of love, which affects the satisfaction and happiness of the individual in love. Meanwhile, the attachment theory suggests that the defensive strategy of the attachment style may need to rely on the cognitive resources. The study of the relationship between the style of attachment and the goal of the relationship can help to explore the relationship between the different attachment styles in love and provide some guidance for the improvement of the future relationship.
Objective:
In this study, a combination of questionnaire and experimental methods was used to investigate the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style and cognitive load on individual relationship reaching goals in interpersonal threats, including 1 pre tests and 3 experimental studies. The pre test explored the relationship between idiosyncratic attachment style and relation goal through questionnaire survey. The study one and study two investigated the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style on the choice of individual relationship reaching goals in interpersonal threat situations from the perspective of implicit goal activation and individual behavior intention respectively. On the basis of study two, study three investigated the role of cognitive load in the relationship between the attachment style and the goal of the individual relationship.
Method:
The study investigated the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style on individual relationship avoidance goal activation in interpersonal threats, and verified whether recall writing tasks could initiate interpersonal threats. 58 college students in love relationships were tested by the ECR questionnaire first. The subjects were divided into two groups of idiosyncratic attachment styles, and a group of subjects caused interpersonal threats by remembering the disappointing things they had done by the important others. The other was used as a neutral control group by recalling one of the holidays, and all the subjects finished the decision task of non word words.
Study two investigated the effect of individual idiosyncratic attachment style on the goal of individual relationship avoidance in the situation of lover's threat. 56 college students in love relationship were first completed the ECR and the general relationship avoidance goal questionnaire, and then randomly divided into two groups, and one group was started with the research threat. Similar memory writing tasks caused a lover's threat situation, and the other was used as a neutral control group, and all the subjects completed measurements related to the goal of a relationship avoidance target, including the measurement of the relationship, intimacy and dependence.
In study three, on the basis of study two, we added cognitive load factors to investigate whether the influence of attachment style on the goal of the individual relationship is dependent on cognitive resources, whether it belongs to the process of controlling processing, and 55 college students in the relationship relationship were tested, and the ECR and the general relationship avoidance goal questionnaire were completed first. Then all the subjects completed the same memories and writing tasks as the two threat startup group, and then divided the subjects into two groups randomly. One group was a high cognitive load group that was required to remember and recognize 9 letters when the relationship reaching target related measurement was completed, and the other was to complete the correlation measurement. A low cognitive load group that requires 3 letters to remember and recognize.
Result:
The response of individuals with different attachment styles to target words in interpersonal threats is different. The specific performance is that low attachment anxiety individuals respond to target words faster in interpersonal threat situations, and the response of high attachment avoidance individuals to self defense target words is faster in interpersonal threat situations.
Different attachment styles have different effects on relationship avoidance targets under the situation of lovers' threat. The specific performance is that high attachment avoidance individuals seek more self defense targets under the situation of lovers' threat, and the level of dependence of low attachment anxiety individuals is higher in the situation of interpersonal threat.
Under the situation of lovers' threat, cognitive load affects the influence of attachment style on the goal of relationship. The specific expression is that under the situation of lovers' threat, the avoidance of high attachment tends to choose the goal of self defense, and reduces the approach goal, the affinity and the dependence, but in the high cognitive load, the high attachment avoids the individual. The search for relationship avoidance goal tends to converge to low attachment avoidance individuals.
Conclusion:
Attachment style can adjust people's response to the relationship of lovers in interpersonal threat situations, and the correction process of attachment avoidance is the process of controlling processing. It can rectify the bad interpersonal reaction by controlling the cognitive resources of unsafe attachment individuals and promote the development of love relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B848
本文編號(hào)：2119800
[Abstract]:Trade-offs are considered to be a common phenomenon in intimacy. Threats not only cause individuals to produce close ideas and behaviors, but also create related thinking and behavior that may be rejected and hurt. The search for close goals will increase the dependence of the individual on the lover and sometimes even ignore it. The possibility of rejection and the fear of rejection and loss of relations exacerbate the sense of dependence. But when people seek more self defense goals, they reduce their dependence on the lover in the short term and increase the distance between them, thus avoiding the loss of long-term relationships.
The attachment of adult attachment as a special emotional connection between individuals and important others affects the quality of intimate relationships. A large number of studies have shown that individuals with a safe attachment style experience more positive emotions in love, more active in the description of lovers, more inclined to communicate with their partners, and unsafe attachment. The body tends to open the distance to the lover (evasion attachment) or to seek the support of the lover (anxiety attachment), which can lead to a decline in the quality of love, which affects the satisfaction and happiness of the individual in love. Meanwhile, the attachment theory suggests that the defensive strategy of the attachment style may need to rely on the cognitive resources. The study of the relationship between the style of attachment and the goal of the relationship can help to explore the relationship between the different attachment styles in love and provide some guidance for the improvement of the future relationship.
Objective:
In this study, a combination of questionnaire and experimental methods was used to investigate the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style and cognitive load on individual relationship reaching goals in interpersonal threats, including 1 pre tests and 3 experimental studies. The pre test explored the relationship between idiosyncratic attachment style and relation goal through questionnaire survey. The study one and study two investigated the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style on the choice of individual relationship reaching goals in interpersonal threat situations from the perspective of implicit goal activation and individual behavior intention respectively. On the basis of study two, study three investigated the role of cognitive load in the relationship between the attachment style and the goal of the individual relationship.
Method:
The study investigated the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style on individual relationship avoidance goal activation in interpersonal threats, and verified whether recall writing tasks could initiate interpersonal threats. 58 college students in love relationships were tested by the ECR questionnaire first. The subjects were divided into two groups of idiosyncratic attachment styles, and a group of subjects caused interpersonal threats by remembering the disappointing things they had done by the important others. The other was used as a neutral control group by recalling one of the holidays, and all the subjects finished the decision task of non word words.
Study two investigated the effect of individual idiosyncratic attachment style on the goal of individual relationship avoidance in the situation of lover's threat. 56 college students in love relationship were first completed the ECR and the general relationship avoidance goal questionnaire, and then randomly divided into two groups, and one group was started with the research threat. Similar memory writing tasks caused a lover's threat situation, and the other was used as a neutral control group, and all the subjects completed measurements related to the goal of a relationship avoidance target, including the measurement of the relationship, intimacy and dependence.
In study three, on the basis of study two, we added cognitive load factors to investigate whether the influence of attachment style on the goal of the individual relationship is dependent on cognitive resources, whether it belongs to the process of controlling processing, and 55 college students in the relationship relationship were tested, and the ECR and the general relationship avoidance goal questionnaire were completed first. Then all the subjects completed the same memories and writing tasks as the two threat startup group, and then divided the subjects into two groups randomly. One group was a high cognitive load group that was required to remember and recognize 9 letters when the relationship reaching target related measurement was completed, and the other was to complete the correlation measurement. A low cognitive load group that requires 3 letters to remember and recognize.
Result:
The response of individuals with different attachment styles to target words in interpersonal threats is different. The specific performance is that low attachment anxiety individuals respond to target words faster in interpersonal threat situations, and the response of high attachment avoidance individuals to self defense target words is faster in interpersonal threat situations.
Different attachment styles have different effects on relationship avoidance targets under the situation of lovers' threat. The specific performance is that high attachment avoidance individuals seek more self defense targets under the situation of lovers' threat, and the level of dependence of low attachment anxiety individuals is higher in the situation of interpersonal threat.
Under the situation of lovers' threat, cognitive load affects the influence of attachment style on the goal of relationship. The specific expression is that under the situation of lovers' threat, the avoidance of high attachment tends to choose the goal of self defense, and reduces the approach goal, the affinity and the dependence, but in the high cognitive load, the high attachment avoids the individual. The search for relationship avoidance goal tends to converge to low attachment avoidance individuals.
Conclusion:
Attachment style can adjust people's response to the relationship of lovers in interpersonal threat situations, and the correction process of attachment avoidance is the process of controlling processing. It can rectify the bad interpersonal reaction by controlling the cognitive resources of unsafe attachment individuals and promote the development of love relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B848
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條
1 辛自強(qiáng),林崇德;認(rèn)知負(fù)荷與認(rèn)知技能和圖式獲得的關(guān)系及其教學(xué)意義[J];華東師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(教育科學(xué)版);2002年04期
2 賴(lài)日生,曾曉青,陳美榮;從認(rèn)知負(fù)荷理論看教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)[J];江西教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué));2005年01期
3 曹寶龍,劉慧娟,林崇德;認(rèn)知負(fù)荷對(duì)小學(xué)生工作記憶資源分配策略的影響[J];心理發(fā)展與教育;2005年01期
4 溫忠麟,侯杰泰,張雷;調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)與中介效應(yīng)的比較和應(yīng)用[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2005年02期
5 李同歸;加藤和生;;成人依戀的測(cè)量:親密關(guān)系經(jīng)歷量表(ECR)中文版[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2006年03期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 孫崇勇;認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的測(cè)量及其在多媒體學(xué)習(xí)中的應(yīng)用[D];蘇州大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2119800
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/xinlixingwei/2119800.html
最近更新
教材專(zhuān)著
