本文選題：行為主義 + 證據(jù)�。� 參考：《哲學(xué)分析》2017年03期

【摘要】：奎因從早年起就主張一種行為主義,但這種行為主義必須通過分析語言、感覺材料、刺激與被刺激等概念來理解。對奎因而言,語言理解與翻譯的問題集中反映了這些概念之間的交合關(guān)系。語言是一種社交性的技能,為了獲得這種技能,我們不能不完全依賴于主體間通用的提示我們要說什么和什么時候說的信號。除了通過人們對社會交際中可見刺激的明顯反應(yīng)傾向,我們也不能以任何根據(jù)去核對語言的意義�？蛘J(rèn)為,從簡單的交流到復(fù)雜的理解,體現(xiàn)出理論與意義的交互作用具有越來越高的普遍性,我們直接感知到的總是有意義構(gòu)造的各種整體,它們只有在共同認(rèn)知與理解的意義上才能被視為行為證據(jù)。個體性并不是認(rèn)知的出發(fā)點(diǎn),我們恰恰必須基于共同體的一致性才能給出個體化的確認(rèn)。
[Abstract]:Quinn advocated a behaviorism from an early age, but this behaviorism must be understood by analyzing the concepts of language, sensory material, stimulation and being stimulated. For Quinn, the problem of language understanding and translation reflects the intersection of these concepts. Language is a social skill, and in order to acquire it, we have to rely entirely on the common cues between the subjects about what to say and when to say it. We cannot check the meaning of language against any basis other than the apparent tendency of people to react to stimuli seen in social communication. Quinn believes that, from simple communication to complex understanding, the interaction between theory and meaning is becoming more and more universal. They can only be regarded as evidence of behavior in the sense of common cognition and understanding. Individuality is not the starting point of cognition.
【作者單位】： 挪威奧斯陸大學(xué)哲學(xué)系;上海社會科學(xué)院哲學(xué)研究所;
【分類號】：B84-063
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本文編號：2091987