本文選題：跨期選擇 + 時(shí)間洞察力　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：跨期選擇(intertemporal choice)是指?jìng)�(gè)體對(duì)發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的成本與收益進(jìn)行權(quán)衡,而后做出的各種判斷和選擇(Loewenstein,1988; Frederick, Loewenstein,O'Donoghue,2002)�，F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,小到個(gè)人的儲(chǔ)蓄、健康和工作,大到國(guó)家的教育投資、環(huán)境保護(hù)等政策,都不可避免地遇到跨期選擇問題。因此,跨期選擇的研究有助于人們做出更加理性、更加科學(xué)的判斷或決策。最近,有研究者從感知時(shí)間基礎(chǔ)模型(Perceived-time-based model)的角度來解釋跨期選擇中的時(shí)間折扣現(xiàn)象(KimZauberman,2009):個(gè)體對(duì)時(shí)間維度和時(shí)間壓縮水平的敏感性是影響延遲折扣的主要原因之一。那么,在跨期選擇中,不同時(shí)間洞察力的個(gè)體是否具有不同的選擇偏好呢?其認(rèn)知機(jī)制和神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)是什么呢?為此,本研究利用行為實(shí)驗(yàn)和靜息態(tài)功能核磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)技術(shù),從時(shí)間洞察力角度出發(fā),采用跨期選擇經(jīng)典行為范式,主要研究?jī)蓚�(gè)問題：(1)不同時(shí)間洞察力個(gè)體的跨期選擇偏好的特點(diǎn)；(2)時(shí)間洞察力影響跨期選擇的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)與運(yùn)行機(jī)制。為此本研究分兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,結(jié)果如下。 研究一采用行為實(shí)驗(yàn),選取兩類不同時(shí)間洞察力傾向(“未來時(shí)間”傾向和“享樂現(xiàn)在”傾向)的個(gè)體,通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的跨期選擇任務(wù),考察他們?cè)诳缙谶x擇上的偏好和特點(diǎn)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)與“未來時(shí)間”洞察力組相比,“享樂現(xiàn)在”時(shí)間洞察力組的延遲折扣率更高,更偏好即時(shí)滿足；(2)未來時(shí)間洞察力組在“未來時(shí)間洞察力維度”的得分與延遲折扣率負(fù)相關(guān),即未來時(shí)間洞察力定向越強(qiáng),延遲折扣率就越低。這些結(jié)果說明,不同時(shí)間洞察力傾向的個(gè)體在跨期選擇上具有不同的偏好,未來時(shí)間洞察力能夠較好地預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)體延遲折扣。然而,時(shí)間洞察力又是如何影響到個(gè)體的跨期選擇的呢?其背后的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)機(jī)制是什么呢?為此,本研究采用rs-fMRI技術(shù),從神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)和功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)角度開展了研究二。 研究二采用靜息態(tài)功能磁共振成像技術(shù)(rs-fMRI),考查時(shí)間洞察力影響跨期選擇的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)與運(yùn)行機(jī)制：重點(diǎn)從時(shí)間網(wǎng)絡(luò)、價(jià)值評(píng)估網(wǎng)絡(luò)和認(rèn)知控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)出發(fā),探究了時(shí)間洞察力對(duì)跨期選擇的調(diào)控機(jī)制。行為結(jié)果進(jìn)步驗(yàn)證了研究一的結(jié)論：曲線下面積(AUC；延遲折扣率=1-AUC)與“未來時(shí)間”維度得分正相關(guān),而與“享樂現(xiàn)在”維度得分負(fù)相關(guān)。靜息態(tài)的研究結(jié)果表明：(1)延遲折扣曲線下面積(AUC)和前扣帶回(ACC)與背外側(cè)前額葉(d1PFC)間功能連接強(qiáng)度負(fù)相關(guān)；(2)前扣帶回(ACC)與背外側(cè)前額葉(d1PFC)間功能連接變化量與“享樂現(xiàn)在”維度得分正相關(guān),而與“未來時(shí)間”維度得分負(fù)相關(guān)；(3)中介分析表明,ACC-L.d1PFC之間功能連接在時(shí)間洞察力對(duì)跨期選擇的影響中起到了部分中介作用。這些結(jié)果說明,前扣帶回(ACC)與背外側(cè)前額葉(d1PFC)之間的功能連接在時(shí)間洞察力對(duì)跨期選擇的影響中起到關(guān)鍵的作用,也就是說時(shí)間洞察力對(duì)跨期選擇很可能是通過認(rèn)知控制在起作用。 綜合而言,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)不同時(shí)間洞察力個(gè)體具有不同的跨期選擇偏好,“享樂現(xiàn)在”傾向的個(gè)體更傾向于即時(shí)滿足,而“未來時(shí)間”傾向的個(gè)體更傾向于延遲滿足；(2)背外側(cè)前額葉(d1PFC)與前扣帶(ACC)之間的功能連接在時(shí)間洞察力對(duì)跨期選擇的影響中起到重要的中介作用。本研究從時(shí)間洞察力這種人格特質(zhì)出發(fā),考察了跨期選擇的認(rèn)知機(jī)制與神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ),不僅拓寬了跨期選擇的研究領(lǐng)域,也為探究跨期選擇的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)機(jī)制提供了新的視角；其實(shí)踐應(yīng)用價(jià)值也顯而易見。
[Abstract]:Intertemporal choice refers to the individual ' s trade - offs between costs and benefits that take place at different points of time , and then various judgments and choices ( Loewenstein , 1988 ; Frederick , Loewenstein , O ' Donghue , 2002 ) . In real life , small to individual savings , health and work , big to the country ' s education investment , environmental protection and other policies inevitably meet the cross - period choice problem . Therefore , the study of cross - period selection can help people make more rational and scientific judgment or decision - making .
( 2 ) The time - insight influence the neural basis and operation mechanism of cross - stage selection . For this purpose , two experimental studies are conducted , the results are as follows .

It is found that : ( 1 ) Compared with the " future time " insight group , the delay discount rate of the " pleasure present " time insight group is higher , and the preference for immediate satisfaction is more preferred .
( 2 ) There is a negative correlation between the score of the future time insight group and the delay discount rate , that is , the higher the future time insight is , the lower the delay discount rate . These results show that individuals with different time insight tend to have different preferences in the cross - period selection , and the future time insight can better predict individual delayed discounts .

Based on the time network , the value assessment network and the cognitive control network , the study explored the mechanism of time insight to the selection of cross - period . The results of the study demonstrate the conclusion that the area under the curve ( AUC ;
The delayed discount rate = 1 - AUC was positively correlated with the " future time " dimension score , while negative correlation with " pleasure present " dimension score . The results of the study of resting state showed that ( 1 ) the area under the delayed discount curve ( AUC ) and the frontal gyrus ( ACC ) were negatively correlated with the functional connection strength between the dorsolateral frontal lobe ( d1PFC ) ;
( 2 ) The change of functional linkage between the front buckle ( ACC ) and the dorsolateral frontal lobe ( d1PFC ) was positively correlated with the score of the " pleasure present " dimension , while negatively correlated with the " future time " dimension score ;
( 3 ) The intermediate analysis shows that the function connection between ACC - L . d1PFC plays a role in the influence of time insight into the influence of span selection . These results show that the function connection between ACC and d1PFC plays a key role in the influence of time insight into the influence of cross - period selection , that is , temporal insight may play a key role in cross - period selection .

Overall , it is found that : ( 1 ) individuals with different time insight tend to have different cross - stage selection preferences , and individuals who tend to " enjoy the right now " tend to be satisfied with immediate satisfaction , while individuals with " future time " tend to be more likely to delay satisfaction ;
( 2 ) The function connection between the dorsolateral frontal lobe ( d1PFC ) and the front buckle ( ACC ) plays an important role in the influence of time insight into the influence of cross - period selection .
Its practical application value is also obvious .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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本文編號(hào)：2062015