本文選題：控制錯覺 + 先驗(yàn)概率　； 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：控制錯覺是指個體對自己在機(jī)會或技能情境中真實(shí)控制的認(rèn)知偏差。其研究方法主要有問卷法和實(shí)驗(yàn)法,影響因素包括任務(wù)類型、結(jié)果效價和強(qiáng)化頻率等情境因素以及心境、控制動機(jī)和人格特質(zhì)等個體因素,形成機(jī)制的解釋主要有控制啟發(fā)式及自我調(diào)節(jié)理論�？刂棋e覺對個體的保健養(yǎng)生、投資管理、風(fēng)險決策等諸多活動有不同的影響。本研究在Alloy和Abramson (1979)亮燈任務(wù)基礎(chǔ)上,參考交通信號燈這個極具社會日常性的模型,結(jié)合問卷調(diào)查和認(rèn)知行為實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法,研究一調(diào)查機(jī)會情境中大學(xué)生控制錯覺的性別和認(rèn)知風(fēng)格差異；研究二采用2×2完全隨機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計,關(guān)注先驗(yàn)概率和結(jié)果效價對機(jī)會情境中大學(xué)生控制錯覺的影響,從這兩個部分探究機(jī)會情境中大學(xué)生的控制錯覺在個體因素上的差異以及情境因素對大學(xué)生控制錯覺的影響。研究一得到17名男大學(xué)生、19名女大學(xué)生,共36份有效數(shù)據(jù),其中場依存型大學(xué)生有12名,場獨(dú)立型大學(xué)生有24名；研究二得到13名男大學(xué)生、19名女大學(xué)生共32份有效數(shù)據(jù)。采用E-prime 2.0以及SPSS 17.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析�；趯Υ髮W(xué)生在機(jī)會情境中控制錯覺的數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果,本研究有以下結(jié)論：(1)大學(xué)生出現(xiàn)控制錯覺這一現(xiàn)象具有普遍性。(2)大學(xué)生的控制錯覺無性別和認(rèn)知風(fēng)格的差異。(3)先驗(yàn)概率和結(jié)果效價對大學(xué)生的控制錯覺都有顯著的影響,表現(xiàn)為大學(xué)生在0.75的先驗(yàn)概率條件下對控制的評估顯著地高于0.25的先驗(yàn)概率,出現(xiàn)控制錯覺;相較于結(jié)果的負(fù)效價,在結(jié)果的正效價條件下大學(xué)生顯著地高估自己具有的控制程度,出現(xiàn)控制錯覺。先驗(yàn)概率和結(jié)果效價因素間交互作用不顯著。(4)大學(xué)生會根據(jù)行為和結(jié)果之間關(guān)系的經(jīng)驗(yàn)不斷調(diào)整行為策略,以求個人收益最大化。
[Abstract]:The illusion of control refers to the cognitive bias that an individual actually controls in a situation of opportunity or skill. The main research methods are questionnaire and experiment. The influencing factors include task type, result titer and reinforcement frequency, mood, controlling motivation and personality traits, etc. The explanation of formation mechanism mainly includes control heuristics and self-regulation theory. Illusion of control has different effects on individual health care, investment management, risk decision-making and many other activities. Based on the tasks of Alloy and Abramson (1979), this study referred to the traffic signal light, which is a social model, combined with questionnaire survey and cognitive behavior experiment. The study investigated the differences of gender and cognitive style of the control illusion in the opportunity situation of college students. In the second study, a 2 脳 2 complete randomized experimental design was used to study the effect of priori probability and result price on the control illusion of university students in the opportunity situation. From these two parts, this paper explores the differences in individual factors of college students' illusion of control in the context of opportunity and the influence of situational factors on the illusion of control of college students. In the first study, there were 17 male college students and 19 female college students, with a total of 36 valid data. There were 12 interdependent college students and 24 field independent college students, and 32 valid data were obtained from 13 male college students and 19 female college students. E-prime 2.0 and SPSS 17.0 were used for statistical analysis. Based on the results of data analysis of college students' illusion of control in the context of opportunity, The results of this study are as follows: (1) the phenomenon of control illusion in college students is universal. (2) there is no difference between gender and cognitive style in the control illusion of college students. (3) the priori probability and the result price have significant effects on the control illusion of college students. Under the condition of a priori probability of 0.75, the evaluation of control was significantly higher than the prior probability of 0.25, which resulted in the illusion of control, and the negative value compared with the result. Under the condition of positive titer of results, college students significantly overestimated their degree of control and appeared the illusion of control. The interaction between priori probability and result titer is not significant. (4) College students will constantly adjust their behavior strategies according to the experience of the relationship between behavior and outcome in order to maximize personal income.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B842

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