發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-17 08:10

  本文選題：擇偶復(fù)制 + 場(chǎng)獨(dú)立��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：擇偶復(fù)制,是指在擇偶過程中,個(gè)體所做出的決策會(huì)受到其它個(gè)體對(duì)目標(biāo)對(duì)象評(píng)價(jià)、判斷影響的現(xiàn)象。也就是配偶選擇的過程中相互模仿和復(fù)制的想象。對(duì)擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象的研究起源于對(duì)動(dòng)物族群的觀察。后來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人類也存在擇偶復(fù)制。人類擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象的研究中,常用研究范式是首先向被試呈現(xiàn)靶目標(biāo)人物(如照片)作為評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象；然后呈現(xiàn)該靶目標(biāo)人物的相關(guān)信息(如帶著婚戒、其他異性對(duì)該靶目標(biāo)人物的選擇意向等)；最后讓被試對(duì)靶目標(biāo)人物進(jìn)行再次評(píng)價(jià)。如果被試對(duì)靶目標(biāo)人物吸引力的評(píng)價(jià)因?yàn)椤跋嚓P(guān)信息”的影響而發(fā)生了變化,就可以根據(jù)變化情況,做出是否存在擇偶復(fù)制的判斷。 研究者們嘗試采用不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)材料來探索擇偶復(fù)制的影響因素及其內(nèi)在的發(fā)生機(jī)制。擇偶復(fù)制的影響因素可以歸納為以下幾類：性別、人物吸引力(包括榜樣人物的吸引力和靶目標(biāo)人物的吸引力)、擇偶策略、被試的年齡和性經(jīng)驗(yàn)。目前國(guó)外學(xué)者在人類擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象的研究上正處于起步階段,國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的研究則顯得更為蒼白。本研究就是在這樣的背景之下嘗試探討認(rèn)知風(fēng)格、社會(huì)距離兩個(gè)因素對(duì)擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)的影響。通過這兩個(gè)變量的引入來探索被試內(nèi)在特征、被試與榜樣人物間的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)性對(duì)擇偶復(fù)制的影響,以彌補(bǔ)相關(guān)研究空白。 認(rèn)知是指?jìng)�(gè)體在組織和加工信息中所具有的個(gè)性化的和一貫的方式。在諸多的認(rèn)知風(fēng)格模型中,場(chǎng)認(rèn)知風(fēng)格的理論是提出最早、研究最多、最為成熟的模型,也是認(rèn)知風(fēng)格的核心模型。研究表明,認(rèn)知風(fēng)格會(huì)對(duì)個(gè)體決策產(chǎn)生影響。社會(huì)距離是指社會(huì)客體與個(gè)體自我差異的大小,反映了基于社會(huì)變量或社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的相似性或親近度。解釋水平理論中將社會(huì)距離作為心理距離的一種表現(xiàn)形式。相關(guān)研究證實(shí),心理距離也是能夠影響個(gè)體的決策的。而通過擇偶復(fù)制的研究范式可知,被試對(duì)異性照片的吸引力進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)的過程也是一個(gè)決策判斷的過程,因此可以推測(cè)認(rèn)知風(fēng)格和心理距離對(duì)擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)是有影響的。據(jù)此本文設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,以探討場(chǎng)獨(dú)立-場(chǎng)依存兩種認(rèn)知風(fēng)格以及社會(huì)距離對(duì)擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象的影響。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明： (1)擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)是存在的,即被試對(duì)靶目標(biāo)吸引力的評(píng)價(jià)受到榜樣人物的影響。在榜樣人物對(duì)靶目標(biāo)積極評(píng)價(jià)時(shí),被試會(huì)復(fù)制榜樣人物的這種積極效應(yīng),因而被試對(duì)靶目標(biāo)的評(píng)價(jià)會(huì)有上升的趨勢(shì)。當(dāng)榜樣人物對(duì)靶目標(biāo)消極評(píng)價(jià)時(shí),被試便會(huì)復(fù)制榜樣人物的這種消極效應(yīng),因而被試對(duì)靶目標(biāo)的評(píng)價(jià)會(huì)有下降的趨勢(shì)。 (2)榜樣人物選擇意愿的變化對(duì)場(chǎng)依存者的擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生了顯著影響,而該變化對(duì)場(chǎng)獨(dú)立者產(chǎn)生的影響并不顯著。在榜樣人物對(duì)靶目標(biāo)做出YES判斷的/條件下,場(chǎng)依存者比場(chǎng)獨(dú)立者表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)。 (3)擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)的性別差異不顯著,即擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)的大小并不會(huì)因?yàn)楸辉囆詣e的不同而產(chǎn)生顯著的差異。 (4)榜樣人物與被試的社會(huì)距離遠(yuǎn)時(shí),存在擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)；榜樣人物與被試的社會(huì)距離近時(shí),被試作出吸引力評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)帶有情感因素,而且這種情感因素起了主導(dǎo)作用,因此擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)沒有出現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Mating reproduction means that in the process of choosing a spouse, the decision made by the individual will be evaluated by other individuals to the target object, and the influence of the individual is judged. It is the imagination of mutual imitation and reproduction in the process of spouse selection. The study of the phenomenon of mate selection originated from the observation of the animal population. Replication. In the study of human mate reproduction, the common research paradigm is first to present the target characters (such as photos) to the subjects as the evaluation object, and then to present the relevant information of the target characters (such as the wedding ring, the choice of the other opposite sex to the target character), and the final evaluation of the target target characters. If the evaluation of the attractiveness of the target target is changed because of the influence of "related information", it is possible to make a judgment of whether there is a mate copy or not, according to the change.
The researchers tried to use different experimental materials to explore the influencing factors of mate reproduction and their inherent mechanism. The factors that affect mate reproduction can be summarized into the following categories: gender, character attraction (including attractiveness of example personage and target character attraction), mate selection strategy, age and sexual experience of the subjects. Foreign scholars are at the beginning of the study of the phenomenon of human mate reproduction, and the domestic scholars look more pale in this field. This study is to try to explore the effect of cognitive style and social distance on the effect of mate selection in this context. Through the introduction of the two variables, the two factors have been explored to explore the inner part of the subjects. Characteristics, the interrelationship between subjects and model personas affect the mate selection, so as to make up for the gaps in relevant research.
Cognition refers to the individualized and consistent way individuals have in organizational and processing information. In many cognitive style models, the theory of field cognitive style is the earliest, most studied and most mature model, and is also the core model of cognitive style. It refers to the size of the social object and the individual's self difference, reflecting the similarity or proximity based on the social variables or social networks. The theory of interpretation is a manifestation of the social distance as a form of psychological distance. The related research confirms that the psychological distance can also affect the individual's decision. It is known that the process of evaluating the attractiveness of the heterosexual photographs is also a process of decision making. Therefore, it is possible to speculate that cognitive style and psychological distance have an impact on the mating effect of mate selection. Accordingly, this paper designs two experimental studies to explore the two recognition styles of field independent field dependence and the social distance to the phenomenon of mate reproduction. Influence.
The experimental results show that:
(1) the effect of mate selection is present, that is, the evaluation of the target's attractiveness to the target is influenced by the role model. In the positive evaluation of the target target, the subjects replicate the positive effect of the example, so the test will have an upward trend in the evaluation of the target target. It will reproduce the negative effect of example characters, so that the evaluation of target target will decrease.
(2) the change of choice intention of example characters has a significant influence on the mate selection effect of the field dependent, and the change has no significant influence on the field independent. In the condition that the example person makes YES judgment to the target target, the field dependents show stronger mate reproduction effect than those of the field independent.
(3) there is no significant gender difference in mate selection effect, that is, the size of mate selection effect will not be significantly different from the sex of the subjects.
(4) when the social distance between the model people and the subjects is far away, there is a copy effect of mate selection; when the distance between the example and the subjects is close to the social distance of the subjects, the subjects have emotional factors when they make the attractiveness evaluation, and this emotional factor plays a leading role, so the mating effect of mate selection is not present.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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