本文選題：擇偶復(fù)制 + 場獨立�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：擇偶復(fù)制,是指在擇偶過程中,個體所做出的決策會受到其它個體對目標對象評價、判斷影響的現(xiàn)象。也就是配偶選擇的過程中相互模仿和復(fù)制的想象。對擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象的研究起源于對動物族群的觀察。后來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人類也存在擇偶復(fù)制。人類擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象的研究中,常用研究范式是首先向被試呈現(xiàn)靶目標人物(如照片)作為評價對象；然后呈現(xiàn)該靶目標人物的相關(guān)信息(如帶著婚戒、其他異性對該靶目標人物的選擇意向等)；最后讓被試對靶目標人物進行再次評價。如果被試對靶目標人物吸引力的評價因為“相關(guān)信息”的影響而發(fā)生了變化,就可以根據(jù)變化情況,做出是否存在擇偶復(fù)制的判斷。 研究者們嘗試采用不同的實驗材料來探索擇偶復(fù)制的影響因素及其內(nèi)在的發(fā)生機制。擇偶復(fù)制的影響因素可以歸納為以下幾類：性別、人物吸引力(包括榜樣人物的吸引力和靶目標人物的吸引力)、擇偶策略、被試的年齡和性經(jīng)驗。目前國外學(xué)者在人類擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象的研究上正處于起步階段,國內(nèi)學(xué)者對該領(lǐng)域的研究則顯得更為蒼白。本研究就是在這樣的背景之下嘗試探討認知風格、社會距離兩個因素對擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)的影響。通過這兩個變量的引入來探索被試內(nèi)在特征、被試與榜樣人物間的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)性對擇偶復(fù)制的影響,以彌補相關(guān)研究空白。 認知是指個體在組織和加工信息中所具有的個性化的和一貫的方式。在諸多的認知風格模型中,場認知風格的理論是提出最早、研究最多、最為成熟的模型,也是認知風格的核心模型。研究表明,認知風格會對個體決策產(chǎn)生影響。社會距離是指社會客體與個體自我差異的大小,反映了基于社會變量或社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)的相似性或親近度。解釋水平理論中將社會距離作為心理距離的一種表現(xiàn)形式。相關(guān)研究證實,心理距離也是能夠影響個體的決策的。而通過擇偶復(fù)制的研究范式可知,被試對異性照片的吸引力進行評價的過程也是一個決策判斷的過程,因此可以推測認知風格和心理距離對擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)是有影響的。據(jù)此本文設(shè)計兩個實驗研究,以探討場獨立-場依存兩種認知風格以及社會距離對擇偶復(fù)制現(xiàn)象的影響。 實驗結(jié)果表明： (1)擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)是存在的,即被試對靶目標吸引力的評價受到榜樣人物的影響。在榜樣人物對靶目標積極評價時,被試會復(fù)制榜樣人物的這種積極效應(yīng),因而被試對靶目標的評價會有上升的趨勢。當榜樣人物對靶目標消極評價時,被試便會復(fù)制榜樣人物的這種消極效應(yīng),因而被試對靶目標的評價會有下降的趨勢。 (2)榜樣人物選擇意愿的變化對場依存者的擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生了顯著影響,而該變化對場獨立者產(chǎn)生的影響并不顯著。在榜樣人物對靶目標做出YES判斷的/條件下,場依存者比場獨立者表現(xiàn)出更強的擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)。 (3)擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)的性別差異不顯著,即擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)的大小并不會因為被試性別的不同而產(chǎn)生顯著的差異。 (4)榜樣人物與被試的社會距離遠時,存在擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)；榜樣人物與被試的社會距離近時,被試作出吸引力評價時帶有情感因素,而且這種情感因素起了主導(dǎo)作用,因此擇偶復(fù)制效應(yīng)沒有出現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Mating reproduction means that in the process of choosing a spouse, the decision made by the individual will be evaluated by other individuals to the target object, and the influence of the individual is judged. It is the imagination of mutual imitation and reproduction in the process of spouse selection. The study of the phenomenon of mate selection originated from the observation of the animal population. Replication. In the study of human mate reproduction, the common research paradigm is first to present the target characters (such as photos) to the subjects as the evaluation object, and then to present the relevant information of the target characters (such as the wedding ring, the choice of the other opposite sex to the target character), and the final evaluation of the target target characters. If the evaluation of the attractiveness of the target target is changed because of the influence of "related information", it is possible to make a judgment of whether there is a mate copy or not, according to the change.
The researchers tried to use different experimental materials to explore the influencing factors of mate reproduction and their inherent mechanism. The factors that affect mate reproduction can be summarized into the following categories: gender, character attraction (including attractiveness of example personage and target character attraction), mate selection strategy, age and sexual experience of the subjects. Foreign scholars are at the beginning of the study of the phenomenon of human mate reproduction, and the domestic scholars look more pale in this field. This study is to try to explore the effect of cognitive style and social distance on the effect of mate selection in this context. Through the introduction of the two variables, the two factors have been explored to explore the inner part of the subjects. Characteristics, the interrelationship between subjects and model personas affect the mate selection, so as to make up for the gaps in relevant research.
Cognition refers to the individualized and consistent way individuals have in organizational and processing information. In many cognitive style models, the theory of field cognitive style is the earliest, most studied and most mature model, and is also the core model of cognitive style. It refers to the size of the social object and the individual's self difference, reflecting the similarity or proximity based on the social variables or social networks. The theory of interpretation is a manifestation of the social distance as a form of psychological distance. The related research confirms that the psychological distance can also affect the individual's decision. It is known that the process of evaluating the attractiveness of the heterosexual photographs is also a process of decision making. Therefore, it is possible to speculate that cognitive style and psychological distance have an impact on the mating effect of mate selection. Accordingly, this paper designs two experimental studies to explore the two recognition styles of field independent field dependence and the social distance to the phenomenon of mate reproduction. Influence.
The experimental results show that:
(1) the effect of mate selection is present, that is, the evaluation of the target's attractiveness to the target is influenced by the role model. In the positive evaluation of the target target, the subjects replicate the positive effect of the example, so the test will have an upward trend in the evaluation of the target target. It will reproduce the negative effect of example characters, so that the evaluation of target target will decrease.
(2) the change of choice intention of example characters has a significant influence on the mate selection effect of the field dependent, and the change has no significant influence on the field independent. In the condition that the example person makes YES judgment to the target target, the field dependents show stronger mate reproduction effect than those of the field independent.
(3) there is no significant gender difference in mate selection effect, that is, the size of mate selection effect will not be significantly different from the sex of the subjects.
(4) when the social distance between the model people and the subjects is far away, there is a copy effect of mate selection; when the distance between the example and the subjects is close to the social distance of the subjects, the subjects have emotional factors when they make the attractiveness evaluation, and this emotional factor plays a leading role, so the mating effect of mate selection is not present.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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