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成人世界和兒童世界中“鬼”的觀念和印象

發(fā)布時間:2018-05-31 00:09

  本文選題:成人 + 兒童; 參考:《魯東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文


【摘要】:當(dāng)前,關(guān)于“鬼”的研究主要是從語言學(xué)、文化學(xué)、民族學(xué)等方面對“鬼”本身進行研究,但在學(xué)術(shù)界中從心理學(xué)角度研究“鬼”的文獻非常少。本研究從兒童和成人兩個角度來研究“鬼”的形象和觀念,選取3-5周歲兒童為兒童世界的被試,選取18-24周歲的成人為成人世界的被試。以認知心理學(xué),發(fā)展心理學(xué)等相關(guān)理論為基礎(chǔ),運用詞匯聯(lián)想測驗,畫圖測驗等方法研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1.成人世界中由“鬼”聯(lián)想到的詞中,中性詞占大部分,其次是貶義詞,最后是褒義詞;兒童世界中由“鬼”聯(lián)想到的詞比較少,并且這些詞一般都來源于故事和影視中的原型,如老虎等。2.兒童世界和成人世界中,鬼的形象和人的形象有很大的相似之處,在人的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)生變異,,其中頭發(fā)、耳朵、眼的變異率最高;兒童世界中的鬼形象除了有像人的特點之外,還像動物,甚至就是動物3.兒童世界和成人世界中關(guān)于鬼的觀念和印象在一些方面存在顯著性差異:成人世界中認為世界上有鬼的頻率比兒童世界高;成人世界中對鬼的認識是比較具有中性意義的,里面含有更多的引申意思,鬼的形象大多是在人的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)生了很多變異;兒童對鬼的認識是比較簡單的,更多的是出于有趣。兒童世界中鬼是有生命的,變異很小,更多的是簡單的某一人物形象、動物形象或者是無生命的物質(zhì)的形象,如石頭等。了解兒童世界和成人世界對鬼的觀念和印象能夠比較全面的了解當(dāng)代人對“鬼”的認識,對解決一些現(xiàn)實困惑提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:At present, the study of "ghost" is mainly from the aspects of linguistics, culture, ethnology and so on, but there is very little literature on "ghost" in academic circles from the angle of psychology. In this study, the image and concept of "ghost" were studied from the perspective of children and adults. Children aged 3-5 years were selected as subjects of children's world, and adults aged 18-24 years were selected as subjects of adult world. Based on the related theories of cognitive psychology and developmental psychology, this paper uses the methods of lexical association test and drawing test to find out that: 1. In the adult world, neutral words account for the majority of the words associated with ghosts, followed by derogatory words, and finally commendatory words; in children's world, there are fewer words associated with "ghosts", and these words are generally derived from the prototypes of stories and movies. Such as tiger, etc. In the children's world and the adult world, the ghost image and the human image have great similarity, on the basis of human beings, the variation rate of hair, ears and eyes is the highest; the ghost image in the children's world has the characteristics other than human beings. Like animals, even animals. There are significant differences in the perceptions and impressions of ghosts between the children's world and the adult world: in the adult world, the frequency of ghosts in the world is higher than that in the children's world, and the awareness of ghosts in the adult world is more neutral. There are more generalizations, most of the ghost image is on the basis of a lot of human mutation; children's understanding of ghosts is relatively simple, more out of fun. In the child world, ghosts are living, with little variation, more simple characters, animal images or inanimate material images, such as stones, etc. Understanding the concept and impression of ghosts in the world of children and adults can comprehensively understand the cognition of "ghosts" in contemporary people, and provide the basis for solving some practical puzzles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:B842

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