本文選題：跨通道無意聽盲 + 相似性��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人們生活中會(huì)充斥著很多信息,這些信息可能來自聽覺,也可能來自視覺。但并不是所有信息都會(huì)得到加工。當(dāng)注意力放在視覺的主任務(wù)時(shí),通常聽不到以聽覺形式出現(xiàn)的非期望刺激,這種現(xiàn)象稱跨通道無意聽盲(Cross-modal Inattentional Deafness)。它是生活中的常見現(xiàn)象,比如,在大街上低頭玩手機(jī)的人,可能“聽不到”后方來車的警示喇叭聲,這很容易導(dǎo)致交通事故�？缤ǖ罒o意聽盲是近年來心理學(xué)新興的研究熱點(diǎn)。很多研究對(duì)其影響因素進(jìn)行了研究,但其認(rèn)知機(jī)制尚存在爭議。引起跨通道無意聽盲的原因究竟是注意定勢,還是資源有限引起的,還是兩者都有?本研究對(duì)跨通道無意聽盲的機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究。本研究包括四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)1探究知覺負(fù)載對(duì)跨通道無意聽盲的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用任務(wù)搜索范式,通過控制主任務(wù)搜索的數(shù)量將自變量分為高、低負(fù)載兩個(gè)水平,來探究兩個(gè)水平的跨通道無意聽盲覺察率的差異。結(jié)果表明,低負(fù)載的覺察率高于高負(fù)載的覺察率。說明引起跨通道無意聽盲的原因是資源有限,即支持資源有限理論。實(shí)驗(yàn)2研究了相似性對(duì)跨通道無意聽盲的影響。采用任務(wù)搜索范式,通過控制期望刺激與非期刺激是否一致,來探究兩種水平的跨通道無意聽盲覺察率的差異。結(jié)果表明,期望刺激與非期望刺激一致的情況下的覺察率高于不一致的情況。說明跨通道無意聽盲的機(jī)制是注意定勢,即支持注意定勢理論。既然兩種機(jī)制對(duì)跨通道無意聽盲都有影響,那么這兩種因素是否共同起作用呢?因此實(shí)驗(yàn)3探究相似性和知覺負(fù)載對(duì)跨通道無意聽盲的影響。采用任務(wù)搜索范式,通過控制主任務(wù)搜素的數(shù)量和期望刺激、非期望刺激是否一致來探究四種水平的跨通道無意聽盲覺察率的差異。結(jié)果表明注意定勢和資源有限會(huì)共同導(dǎo)致跨通道無意聽盲。語言在人們生活中有極其重要的作用,而語言加工過程中需要注意資源的參與。那么,語義相似性和知覺負(fù)載是否對(duì)跨通道無意視盲有影響呢?因此實(shí)驗(yàn)4探究語義相似性和知覺負(fù)載對(duì)跨通道無意聽盲的影響。在實(shí)驗(yàn)三的基礎(chǔ)上,將實(shí)驗(yàn)中的字母和數(shù)字換成漢字。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),注意定勢和資源有限會(huì)共同導(dǎo)致跨通道無意聽盲,且語言的加工會(huì)耗費(fèi)更多的注意資源。
[Abstract]:People's lives will be filled with a lot of information, which may come from hearing, or from vision. But not all information is processed. When attention is focused on the main task of vision, undesired stimuli in the form of hearing are usually not heard. It is a common phenomenon in life. For example, people who bow their heads to play with their cell phones on the street may not "hear" the sound of warning horns coming from the rear, which can easily lead to traffic accidents. Cross-channel unintentional hearing blindness is a new research hotspot in psychology in recent years. Many studies have studied its influencing factors, but its cognitive mechanism is still controversial. Is the cause of unintentional hearing blindness across channels due to fixed attention patterns, limited resources, or both? This study investigates the mechanism of unintentional hearing blindness across channels. This study includes four experiments. Experiment 1 explores the effects of perceptual load on unintentional hearing blindness across channels. The experiment adopts the task search paradigm and divides the independent variables into two levels: high and low load by controlling the number of main task search to explore the difference of blind perception rate of unintentional hearing between the two levels. The results show that the detection rate of low load is higher than that of high load. The reason why cross-channel unintentional hearing blindness is caused is that resources are limited, that is, supporting the theory of resource limitation. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of similarity on unintentional hearing blindness across channels. The task search paradigm was used to explore the difference of blind perception rate of unintentional hearing between the two levels by controlling whether the expected stimulus and the off-stage stimulus were consistent. The results show that the perceiving rate is higher when the expected stimulus is consistent with the non-expected stimulus than in the inconsistent case. It shows that the mechanism of unintentional hearing blindness across channels is attention setting, which supports attention setting theory. Since both mechanisms have an effect on unintentional hearing blindness across channels, do the two factors work together? Therefore, experiment 3 explores the effects of similarity and perceived load on unintentional hearing blindness across channels. By controlling the number of search elements in the main task and the expected stimuli and whether the non-expected stimuli are consistent or not, the differences of blind perception rate of unintentional hearing in four levels across channels are explored by using the task search paradigm. The results show that attention setting and limited resources lead to unintentional hearing blindness across channels. Language plays an extremely important role in people's life, and the participation of resources should be paid attention to in the process of language processing. So, does semantic similarity and perceived load have an impact on cross-channel unintentional blindness? Therefore, experiment 4 explores the effects of semantic similarity and perceptual load on unintentional hearing blindness across channels. On the basis of experiment 3, the letters and numbers in the experiment are replaced by Chinese characters. The results show that attention setting and limited resources together lead to unintentional hearing blindness across channels and language unions consume more attention resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：1931829