發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-23 19:12

  本文選題：高權(quán)力感 + 低權(quán)力感��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：權(quán)力是日常社會(huì)生活的一個(gè)基本方面,是社會(huì)交往的基本要素。人際關(guān)系中對(duì)權(quán)力的關(guān)注是普遍的,這出現(xiàn)在工作場(chǎng)所的同事、鄰居、朋友、家庭成員甚至是浪漫伴侶中。權(quán)力對(duì)個(gè)體產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。例如,擁有權(quán)力使個(gè)體體驗(yàn)到較多積極和較少消極的情緒,以更為堅(jiān)定而自信的方式探討世界,具有更高的自尊水平,身體更健康以及長(zhǎng)壽。Anderson等人將個(gè)體的權(quán)力感界定為一個(gè)個(gè)體對(duì)另一個(gè)體或其他個(gè)體產(chǎn)生影響的能力感知。個(gè)人的權(quán)力感作為一個(gè)心理變量與期望信念或已有研究驗(yàn)證的關(guān)系的認(rèn)知模型類(lèi)似。除了知覺(jué)概念外,目標(biāo)更可能與權(quán)力感相關(guān)。這意味著啟動(dòng)權(quán)力感會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)激活相關(guān)的目標(biāo),產(chǎn)生目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向反應(yīng)。一些理論認(rèn)為權(quán)力感通過(guò)強(qiáng)化認(rèn)知控制來(lái)實(shí)施目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向行為。與之相對(duì)比,其他的理論認(rèn)為高權(quán)力感更依賴(lài)于自動(dòng)化加工而低權(quán)力感與更強(qiáng)的控制相關(guān)。本研究中,我們驗(yàn)證這些觀點(diǎn)以闡明高權(quán)力感和低權(quán)力感影響目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向行為的機(jī)制。認(rèn)知控制的研究范式有反應(yīng)沖突任務(wù)范式和轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)范式等,因此本文采用Flanker范式和任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換范式探討權(quán)力感對(duì)認(rèn)知控制的影響機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用2(權(quán)力感水平:高權(quán)力感和低權(quán)力感)×2(一致性水平:一致和不一致)的混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),采用詞語(yǔ)搜索任務(wù)啟動(dòng)方法,檢驗(yàn)權(quán)力感是通過(guò)強(qiáng)化控制性加工還是減弱自動(dòng)化加工來(lái)促進(jìn)反應(yīng)沖突任務(wù)中的行為表現(xiàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)二的啟動(dòng)方法和實(shí)驗(yàn)程序與實(shí)驗(yàn)一一致,不同的是使用事件相關(guān)電位(ERP)技術(shù)檢驗(yàn)權(quán)力感對(duì)控制產(chǎn)生影響,是通過(guò)強(qiáng)化沖突敏感性還是行為執(zhí)行實(shí)現(xiàn)的。實(shí)驗(yàn)三采用2(權(quán)力感水平:高權(quán)力感和低權(quán)力感)×2(轉(zhuǎn)換條件:保持和分心)的混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),檢驗(yàn)不同權(quán)力感對(duì)認(rèn)知靈活性所產(chǎn)生的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)一,根據(jù)重復(fù)測(cè)量的方差分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)Flanker效應(yīng)顯著。進(jìn)一步多重比較,一致條件下比不一致條件下的反應(yīng)時(shí)更快,正確率更高。實(shí)驗(yàn)二,根據(jù)重復(fù)測(cè)量的方差分析結(jié)果,N2水平上,權(quán)力感和一致性條件交互作用顯著。高權(quán)力感水平,不一致條件下的N2值顯著大于一致條件下的N2值。實(shí)驗(yàn)三,根據(jù)重復(fù)測(cè)量的方差分析結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)權(quán)力感和認(rèn)知靈活性的交互作用顯著。在保持條件下,高權(quán)力感被試的轉(zhuǎn)換成本更低,認(rèn)知靈活性更高;低權(quán)力感被試的轉(zhuǎn)換成本更高,認(rèn)知穩(wěn)定性更高。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果,得出如下結(jié)論:權(quán)力感影響了認(rèn)知控制。(1)高權(quán)力感的自我控制水平更高,更能夠促進(jìn)目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向行為;低權(quán)力感的自我控制水平較低;(2)高權(quán)力感的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換速度更快,具有更高的認(rèn)知靈活性水平;低權(quán)力感的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換速度較慢,在追求目標(biāo)的過(guò)程中不夠靈活,具有較高的認(rèn)知穩(wěn)定性。情境聚焦理論認(rèn)為,高權(quán)力感讓個(gè)體更加關(guān)注與目標(biāo)相關(guān)的信息,做出與目標(biāo)一致的行為,研究為該理論提供了實(shí)證支持。
[Abstract]:Power is a basic aspect of daily social life and a basic element of social communication. Attention to power is common in relationships, where colleagues, neighbors, friends, family members and even romantic partners in the workplace. Power has a profound influence on individuals. For example, having the power to experience more positive and less negative emotions, to explore the world in a more determined and confident manner, and to have a higher level of self-esteem, Health and longevity. Anderson and others define an individual's sense of power as the ability of an individual to influence another or other individuals. As a psychological variable, the individual's sense of power is similar to the cognitive model of the relationship between expectation, belief or research. In addition to perceptual concepts, goals are more likely to be associated with a sense of power. This means that starting a sense of power in turn activates the relevant goal and produces a goal-oriented response. Some theories suggest that power sense implements goal-oriented behavior by strengthening cognitive control. By contrast, other theories suggest that high power is more dependent on automation and low power is associated with stronger control. In this study, we verify these views to illustrate the mechanisms by which high and low sense of power influence goal-oriented behavior. The research paradigms of cognitive control include the reactive conflict task paradigm and the transition task paradigm. Therefore, this paper uses the Flanker paradigm and the task transition paradigm to explore the influence mechanism of the sense of power on cognitive control. In experiment 1, a mixed experiment design of 2 (power level: high and low power sense) 脳 2 (consistency level: consistency and inconsistency) was adopted, and word search task initiation method was used. To test whether the sense of power promotes behavior in response to conflict by strengthening controlled processing or reducing automation. The startup method and procedure of experiment 2 are consistent with that of experiment 1. The difference is that the use of event-related potential (ERP) technique is used to test the influence of power sense on control, whether it is achieved by enhancing conflict sensitivity or behavior execution. The third experiment was designed as a hybrid experiment of 2 (level of power sense: high and low power sense) 脳 2 (conversion condition: maintenance and distraction) to test the influence of different power sense on cognitive flexibility. In experiment 1, the Flanker effect was found to be significant according to the ANOVA of repeated measurements. Further multiple comparisons show that the reaction time under consistent conditions is faster and the accuracy is higher than that under inconsistent conditions. In experiment 2, according to the ANOVA results of repeated measurements, the interaction between power and consistency conditions was significant at N2 level. The N _ 2 value under the condition of high power sensitivity was significantly higher than that under the consistent condition. In the third experiment, according to the variance analysis of repeated measurement, we found that the interaction between power sense and cognitive flexibility was significant. Under the condition of maintenance, the transition cost and cognitive flexibility of the subjects with high sense of power are lower and the conversion costs of the subjects with low sense of power are higher, and the cognitive stability is higher than that of the subjects with low sense of power. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: the sense of power affects cognitive control. 1) the self-control level of high sense of power is higher, and it can promote goal-oriented behavior more; The task conversion speed of high power sense is faster and has higher cognitive flexibility level, the task transition speed of low power sense is slower than that of low power sense task, in the process of pursuing the goal, it is not flexible enough. It has high cognitive stability. According to situational focus theory, high sense of power makes individuals pay more attention to goal-related information and make goal-consistent behavior, which provides empirical support for this theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

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本文編號(hào)：1925985