本文選題：老年人 + 希望��； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：人口老齡化是目前我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨的一大挑戰(zhàn),然而,“僅僅延長(zhǎng)生命而不增加生活質(zhì)量是沒有意義的(曾毅,顧大男,2002)”。生活質(zhì)量(Quality of life, QOL)是全面評(píng)價(jià)生活優(yōu)劣的概念,它不但反映經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展,也反映社會(huì)的全面進(jìn)步(鄔滄萍,2002；趙玉萍,2005)。如何提高老年人生活質(zhì)量日顯其重要性,并已成為研究熱點(diǎn)。社會(huì)支持作為一個(gè)社會(huì)人主要的彈性資源,是生活質(zhì)量研究應(yīng)該考慮的影響因素。不少研究表明,社會(huì)支持對(duì)人們(老年人)的生活質(zhì)量對(duì)健康有著積極的影響(Cobb,1976;李建新,2007)。希望是人類積極的心理資源,在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：希望水平越高患者生活質(zhì)量越好；而患者在化療期間獲得的社會(huì)支持越多,其希望水平越高(張靜,2006)。然而,生活質(zhì)量對(duì)希望水平和社會(huì)支持的影響如何卻鮮人研究。再者,在高校老人群體中,這三者的關(guān)系又是如何?值得探討。就此,本研究通過深入調(diào)研,采用問卷調(diào)查和訪談的方式,探討高校退休老人的希望,社會(huì)支持與生活質(zhì)量的基本情況及其特點(diǎn),分析人口學(xué)8個(gè)變量分別對(duì)高校退休老人的希望,社會(huì)支持與生活質(zhì)量的影響效應(yīng),探討高校退休老人的希望與社會(huì)支持的關(guān)系,希望與生活質(zhì)量的關(guān)系,社會(huì)支持與生活質(zhì)量的關(guān)系,并進(jìn)一步探究這三者之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系及其作用機(jī)制。以期為老年群體的生活質(zhì)量,希望與社會(huì)支持各領(lǐng)域的研究提供實(shí)證科學(xué)的依據(jù),豐富和發(fā)展老年人心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究。 本研究隨機(jī)選取廣西桂林市7所高校共9個(gè)校區(qū)的245名的退休老人為研究對(duì)象,采用成人性情希望量表、社會(huì)支持評(píng)定量表,SF-36健康調(diào)查簡(jiǎn)表等對(duì)被試進(jìn)行測(cè)試和訪問調(diào)查。采集的數(shù)據(jù)通過SPSS15.0,進(jìn)行描述統(tǒng)計(jì),并通過t檢驗(yàn)、相關(guān)分析、方差分析、一元線性回歸分析及逐步回歸分析,得出以下結(jié)論： 1、高校退休老人的希望水平處于中等偏上的水平。 婚姻狀況的好壞對(duì)高校退休老人生活質(zhì)量有顯著的影響；婚姻狀況在和性別與喪偶情況的交互作用中,對(duì)希望水平均產(chǎn)生主效應(yīng)；婚姻狀況與兒女個(gè)數(shù),婚姻狀況與崗位均產(chǎn)生了交互作用。且婚姻狀況與崗位的交互作用中,崗位對(duì)希望水平的影響存在顯著的主效應(yīng)； 2、高校退休老人的社會(huì)支持處于中等偏上的水平,然而顯著高于地方離退休老人。不同的婚姻狀況,不一樣兒女個(gè)數(shù)以及不同年齡階段對(duì)其社會(huì)支持有顯著影響；在不同的文化水平和不同的崗位中,是社會(huì)支持總分及客觀支持的維度得分存在顯著差異；此外,有配偶組和喪偶組在支持利用度的得分上也存在顯著性差異； 3、高校退休老人的生活質(zhì)量處于中等偏上的水平,然而顯著高于地方離退休老人。在不同的婚姻狀況中,較好的高校退休老人的生活質(zhì)量較高；有配偶和已喪偶的組別在心理健康得分上存在顯著性差異；不同年齡組別的老人在生理功能和活力的得分,也存在顯著性差異； 4、高校退休老人的希望水平與生活質(zhì)量呈顯著正相關(guān),且老人的希望水平對(duì)其生活質(zhì)量有積極影響,而生活質(zhì)量也反過來作用于其希望水平； 5、高校退休老人的社會(huì)支持與生活質(zhì)量呈顯著正相關(guān),且老人的社會(huì)支持有利于生活質(zhì)量的提高,而生活質(zhì)量也會(huì)反作用于其社會(huì)支持； 6、高校退休老人的希望水平與社會(huì)支持呈顯著正相關(guān),且老人的社會(huì)支持對(duì)其希望水平具有積極影響,而希望水平也反作用于其社會(huì)支持； 7、高校退休老人的希望水平及社會(huì)支持都對(duì)其生活質(zhì)量有一定的預(yù)測(cè)作用,且希望水平的路徑思維與社會(huì)支持的利用度對(duì)高校退休老人生活質(zhì)量的預(yù)測(cè)貢獻(xiàn)最大。
[Abstract]:The aging of the population is a major challenge for our country's economic development. However, "it is meaningless to prolong life without increasing the quality of life (Zeng Yi, Gu Da men, 2002)". The Quality of life (QOL) is the concept of overall evaluation of the good and bad of life. It not only reflects the growth and development of the economy, but also reflects the overall progress of the society. Step (Wu Cangping, 2002; Zhao Yuping, 2005). How to improve the quality of life of the elderly has become the focus of research. Social support, as the main resilient resource of a social person, is an influential factor in the study of quality of life. Many studies have shown that the society will support the quality of life for people (old people) to health. Positive effects (Cobb, 1976; Li Jianxin, 2007). Hope is a positive psychological resource of human beings. Research in the medical field has found that the higher the level of hope, the better the quality of life of the patients; the more social support they receive during the chemotherapy, the higher the level of hope (Zhang Jing, 2006). However, the impact of quality of life on hope level and social support What is the relationship between the three and the elderly? What is the relationship between the elderly and the elderly? It is worth discussing. In this case, through in-depth investigation and questionnaire survey and interview, this study explores the hope of retired people in Colleges and universities, the basic situation and characteristics of social support and quality of life, and analyses the 8 variables of demography to colleges and universities. The hope of retired people, social support and the influence of quality of life, discuss the relationship between the hope and social support, the relationship of the quality of life, the relationship between the social support and the quality of life, and further explore the internal logical relationship and the mechanism of action between the three, with a view to the life quality of the aged group. We hope to provide empirical scientific evidence for the research in various fields of social support and enrich and develop research in the field of psychology for the elderly.
This study randomly selected 245 retired elderly people from 7 colleges and universities in Guilin City, Guangxi, for the study of 245 retired elderly people. The subjects were tested and visited by the adult sex hope scale, social support rating scale, SF-36 health survey, and so on. The data collected were described by SPSS15.0, and the related analysis was carried out through t test. Analysis of variance, linear regression analysis and stepwise regression analysis showed the following conclusions:
1, the hope level of retired elderly in Colleges and universities is at a medium upper level.
The marital status has a significant influence on the quality of life of the retired old people in Colleges and universities. The relationship between marriage and the situation of sex and widow has the main effect on the level of hope; the marital status and the number of children, the marital status and the post have an interaction. There is a significant main effect on the effect of the expectation of the level.
2, the social support of the retired elderly in Colleges and universities is in the middle level, but it is significantly higher than the local retired people. Different marital status, different children and different age stages have significant influence on their social support; in different cultural level and different positions, it is the dimension of social support and the dimension of objective support. There were significant differences in scores; besides, there were significant differences in the scores of support utilization between spouse group and widowed group.
3, the quality of life of the retired elderly in Colleges and universities is at the middle level, but it is significantly higher than the local retired people. In the different marital status, the better quality of life of the retired elderly people in higher institutions is higher; there is a significant difference in the mental health score between the spouse and the widowed group; the elderly in the different age groups are in the physiological function. There are also significant differences in the scores of energy and energy.
4, there is a significant positive correlation between the level of hope and the quality of life of the retired senior citizens, and the level of hope of the elderly has a positive impact on the quality of life, and the quality of life, in turn, plays a role in the level of hope.
5, the social support of retired senior citizens has a significant positive correlation with the quality of life, and the social support of the elderly is beneficial to the improvement of the quality of life, and the quality of life will also be counteracted on its social support.
6, there is a significant positive correlation between the level of hope and social support for the retired senior citizens, and the social support of the elderly has a positive impact on the level of hope, and the level of hope is also counteracted on its social support.
7, the level of hope and social support of the retired senior citizens have a certain predictive effect on the quality of life, and the expected level of path thinking and the utilization of social support contribute the most to the prediction of the quality of life for the retired elderly.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B844.4

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