本文選題：人格測(cè)驗(yàn) + 自我報(bào)告�。� 參考：《第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：自從心理測(cè)量誕生以來(lái),自我報(bào)告法一直最經(jīng)久不衰的研究方法之一。自我報(bào)告法有著解釋簡(jiǎn)便、信息豐富、報(bào)告動(dòng)機(jī)、因果驅(qū)動(dòng)、操作性強(qiáng)等與生俱來(lái)的優(yōu)勢(shì),曾被公認(rèn)為是最優(yōu)的人格測(cè)量方法。然而近年來(lái),隨著測(cè)量需求的變化以及測(cè)量對(duì)象的豐富,自我報(bào)告法也面臨著一些難以回避的挑戰(zhàn),例如自我知覺(jué)的準(zhǔn)確性;自我報(bào)告的動(dòng)機(jī)控制;測(cè)量工具的有效性等等。上述議題逐漸使得國(guó)際上人事心理選拔技術(shù)走入了瓶頸。因此,整合多模態(tài)的生理、心理與行為指標(biāo),來(lái)提高對(duì)個(gè)體人格鑒別的準(zhǔn)確率,是未來(lái)心理測(cè)量研究重要的突破點(diǎn)之一。然而,有關(guān)人格的客觀測(cè)量方法的實(shí)證研究仍然不足,同時(shí)也缺少認(rèn)知加工或微觀行為層面的人格標(biāo)記物。為解決上述問(wèn)題,本研究融合了新近發(fā)展的自我連接技術(shù)及視線追蹤技術(shù),通過(guò)五項(xiàng)實(shí)證研究,系統(tǒng)地探討了心理測(cè)驗(yàn)多質(zhì)融合技術(shù)在人格及其感知覺(jué)研究中的應(yīng)用。研究一采用一項(xiàng)行為實(shí)驗(yàn),利用自評(píng)和他評(píng)的大五人格量表,通過(guò)對(duì)比自我-他人的人格評(píng)估一致性,驗(yàn)證自我報(bào)告反映了真實(shí)的自我知覺(jué)還是理想化的自我錯(cuò)覺(jué),并為人格知覺(jué)的自我增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)提供可操作的測(cè)量方法。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在內(nèi)外傾、盡責(zé)性和開(kāi)放性這三個(gè)維度,自我報(bào)告反映了真實(shí)自我;而在宜人性和神經(jīng)質(zhì)這兩個(gè)維度上,自我報(bào)告反映了理想自我。結(jié)果表明,個(gè)體自我知覺(jué)的準(zhǔn)確性在不同人格維度上存在差異,人格的自我知覺(jué)存在一定程度的自我增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)。研究二采用一項(xiàng)行為實(shí)驗(yàn),利用自我連接學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)和自評(píng)的大五人格量表,探討自我偏向效應(yīng)的幅度與人格特質(zhì)的關(guān)系,并嘗試將自我連接技術(shù)作為客觀的、涉及初級(jí)認(rèn)知加工的人格測(cè)量方法。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),個(gè)體內(nèi)傾性程度越高,或者盡責(zé)性越低,自我偏向效應(yīng)的幅度越大。結(jié)果表明,自我偏向效應(yīng)的幅度與人格的個(gè)體差異存在緊密關(guān)系,在容易被自我知覺(jué)以及他人反饋的人格維度上表現(xiàn)得尤其明顯。研究三采用兩項(xiàng)行為實(shí)驗(yàn),以與軍事績(jī)效密切相關(guān)的認(rèn)知能力——時(shí)間知覺(jué)為例,利用自我連接學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)和時(shí)間復(fù)制任務(wù),考察自我偏向效應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)間知覺(jué)的調(diào)控作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),自我連接能夠調(diào)控主觀時(shí)間知覺(jué),壓縮運(yùn)動(dòng)引發(fā)的時(shí)間膨脹效應(yīng),使主觀時(shí)間更穩(wěn)定、更準(zhǔn)確。同時(shí),自我優(yōu)勢(shì)的幅度越大,對(duì)靜止和運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的物體的時(shí)間知覺(jué)調(diào)控越強(qiáng)。結(jié)果表明,自我連接可以調(diào)控運(yùn)動(dòng)引發(fā)的時(shí)間錯(cuò)覺(jué)。研究四采用一項(xiàng)眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn),以與軍事績(jī)效密切相關(guān)的認(rèn)知能力——空間知覺(jué)為例,利用自我連接技術(shù)與視線追蹤技術(shù),考察自我偏向效應(yīng)對(duì)平滑眼動(dòng)追蹤的調(diào)控。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),自我連接可以促進(jìn)情緒低落個(gè)體的平滑眼動(dòng)追蹤績(jī)效,在快速運(yùn)動(dòng)的目標(biāo)上,這種促進(jìn)效應(yīng)尤其明顯。結(jié)果表明,自我連接可以調(diào)控情緒低落個(gè)體的視線追蹤受損。研究五采用一項(xiàng)眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn),在自我報(bào)告式人格測(cè)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,融合視線追蹤技術(shù),考察人格測(cè)驗(yàn)反應(yīng)加工過(guò)程中的眼動(dòng)特征。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與控制組相比,精神障礙個(gè)體的項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)加工過(guò)程更復(fù)雜,表現(xiàn)為更多的注視與更頻繁的眼跳。同時(shí),精神障礙個(gè)體對(duì)題干中“我”的敏感度比控制組要低。結(jié)果表明,精神障礙個(gè)體在人格測(cè)驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)出特殊的眼動(dòng)特征,眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)提高人格鑒別的準(zhǔn)確性。綜上所述,本研究采用五項(xiàng)研究包括六項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)自我報(bào)告、自我連接以及視線追蹤的多質(zhì)融合技術(shù),分別從主觀內(nèi)省、感知覺(jué)加工及眼動(dòng)行為三個(gè)層面,考察自我表征對(duì)自我知覺(jué)、時(shí)間知覺(jué)、空間知覺(jué)以及人格測(cè)驗(yàn)反應(yīng)加工的調(diào)控作用。結(jié)果表明,自我連接技術(shù)可以作為人格測(cè)量的客觀方法,促進(jìn)與軍事任務(wù)相關(guān)的時(shí)間與空間感知能力,并影響人格測(cè)驗(yàn)反應(yīng)加工的眼動(dòng)特征。由此可見(jiàn),心理測(cè)驗(yàn)多質(zhì)融合技術(shù)可以通過(guò)采集多維度的數(shù)據(jù),融合多模態(tài)的結(jié)果,實(shí)施多尺度的相關(guān)分析,建立多層次的判定結(jié)果,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)人格客觀、精細(xì)、準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)判。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of psychometrics, self reporting has been one of the most enduring research methods. Self reporting has the advantages of simple explanation, rich information, motivation, cause and effect, and strong operability. It has been recognized as the best method of personality measurement. However, in recent years, with the change of measurement demand and measurement. There are some difficult challenges for self reporting, such as the accuracy of self perception, the motivation control of self reporting, the effectiveness of measuring tools, and so on. These issues have gradually led to the bottleneck of the international personnel psychological selection technology. Therefore, the integration of multimodal physiological, psychological and behavioral indicators is proposed. The accuracy of individual personality identification is one of the most important breakthroughs in the study of future psychometrics. However, the empirical research on the objective measurement method of personality is still insufficient and there is a lack of personality markers in the cognitive processing or micro behavior level. In order to solve the above problems, this research has merged the newly developed self connection technology. And line of sight tracking technology, through five empirical studies, the application of psychological test multi quality fusion technology in the study of personality and perception is systematically discussed. Self perception or idealized self delusion provides an operational measurement for the self enhancement effect of personality perception. The results show that self reporting reflects the true self in the three dimensions of introversion, due diligence and openness, and self reporting reflects the ideal self on the two dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism. The results show that the accuracy of individual self perception is different in different personality dimensions, and the self perception of personality has a certain degree of self enhancement. Study two use a behavioral experiment, use the self connection learning task and the self rating five person scale, to explore the relationship between the amplitude of self bias effect and the personality traits, and try to find out the relationship between the self bias effect and the personality traits. The results show that the greater the degree of individual introversion, or the lower the due diligence, the greater the self bias effect. The result shows that the amplitude of the self bias effect is closely related to the individual differences in personality, and is easy to be perceived by self and others. The personality dimension of the feedback is particularly evident. In study three, the study used two behavioral experiments, taking the cognitive ability closely related to military performance, time perception as an example, using self connection learning task and time duplication task to investigate the role of self bias effect on time perception. The time perception, the time expansion effect caused by the compression movement, makes the subjective time more stable and more accurate. At the same time, the greater the amplitude of the self superiority, the stronger the time perception of the objects under the state of rest and movement. The result shows that the self connection can regulate the time illusion caused by the movement. Study four uses an eye movement experiment with the army. The cognitive ability closely related to the performance - spatial perception, as an example, uses self connection technology and line of sight tracking techniques to investigate the regulation of self bias effect on smooth eye tracking. The results show that self connection can promote the smooth eye tracking performance of depressed individuals, and this effect is especially on the target of fast movement. The results showed that self connection could regulate the loss of sight tracking in individuals with depression. Study five using an eye movement experiment, on the basis of a self reporting personality test, the eye tracking technique was used to examine the eye movement characteristics during the response process of the personality test. Results showed that the items of the mental disorder were compared with the control group. The reaction process is more complex, showing more gaze and more frequent saccades. At the same time, the sensitivity of mental disorder individuals to "I" is lower than that in the control group. The results show that the individual in the mental disorder shows special eye movement characteristics in the personality test, the eye movement index improves the accuracy of personality identification. The five studies, including six experiments, through self reporting, self connection and eye tracking multi quality fusion technology, examined self perception, time perception, space perception and human test response processing from three aspects of subjective introspection, perceptual processing and eye movement, respectively. Connection technology can be used as an objective method of personality measurement, promoting time and space perception related to military tasks, and affecting the eye movement characteristics of personality test reaction processing. It can be seen from this, psychological test multiquality fusion technology can be used to collect multidimensional data, integrate multimodal results and implement multi-scale correlation analysis. At the end of the paper, we can judge the result objectively and accurately.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B848
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本文編號(hào)：1870502