本文選題：認(rèn)知加工偏向 + 神經(jīng)質(zhì)人格特質(zhì)��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：人格與情緒認(rèn)知加工的研究是近年來心理學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。以往大量研究表明,高神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體更易產(chǎn)生各種負(fù)性情緒障礙,神經(jīng)質(zhì)這一主要的人格維度是個體調(diào)節(jié)心理健康和身體健康的重要方面。已往大多研究主要集中于對人格的結(jié)構(gòu)及其與其它心理變量的相關(guān)研究上,較少涉及認(rèn)知加工各個階段的整合性和系統(tǒng)性的研究。基于此,本研究試圖探討在不同的認(rèn)知加工階段,神經(jīng)質(zhì)這一主要人格特質(zhì)對情緒性信息認(rèn)知加工偏向的影響,研究假設(shè)高神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體可能存在某種程度上的認(rèn)知偏向,這種偏向不僅存在于信息的編碼、存儲階段,在對信息提取階段、認(rèn)知解釋或歸因階段也會有體現(xiàn)。本研究主要圍繞注意加工、記憶加工解釋加工三個階段展開,且在三個不同階段采用了不同的認(rèn)知任務(wù)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一通過情緒stroop實(shí)驗(yàn)范式,選取具有不同情緒效價(jià)的詞語材料作為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,探討高低神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體是否對不同效價(jià)情緒詞存在注意偏向,以考察神經(jīng)質(zhì)對注意加工階段影響的特點(diǎn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),被試內(nèi)詞語類型主效應(yīng)差異不顯著(F(2,132)=0.24,p＞0.05)；被試問神經(jīng)質(zhì)水平主效應(yīng)差異不顯著(F(1,66)=1.01,p＞0.05)；詞語類型與組別之間交互作用顯著(F(2,132)=3.55,p＜0.05)。進(jìn)一步分析結(jié)果表明,高、低神經(jīng)質(zhì)組被試均在負(fù)性詞和正性詞上的反應(yīng)時差異顯著(t(36)=15.88,p=0.03)、(t(32)=-24.22,p=0.00)。表明高神經(jīng)質(zhì)組被試對負(fù)性詞語的反應(yīng)時間顯著的長于正性詞,對負(fù)性詞語的顏色命名加工任務(wù)占據(jù)了高神經(jīng)質(zhì)被試更多的認(rèn)知注意資源,出現(xiàn)了對負(fù)性情緒詞語的注意偏向；而低神經(jīng)質(zhì)組被試對正性詞語的反應(yīng)時間顯著的長于負(fù)性詞,對正性詞語的顏色命名加工任務(wù)占據(jù)了低神經(jīng)質(zhì)被試更多的認(rèn)知注意資源,出現(xiàn)了對正性情緒詞語的注意偏向。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二通過詞性辨別和自由回憶任務(wù)來探討高低神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體是否對不同效價(jià)情緒詞存在記憶偏向,以考察神經(jīng)質(zhì)對記憶加工階段影響的特點(diǎn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),被試內(nèi)因素詞語類型主效應(yīng)顯著(F(2,120)=3.81,p＜0.05)；被試間因素神經(jīng)質(zhì)水平主效應(yīng)不顯著(F(1,60)=0.58,p＞0.05)；詞語類型與神經(jīng)質(zhì)水平間交互作用不顯著(F(2,120)=0.04,p＞0.05)。事后檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,自由回憶任務(wù)中被試在中性詞語和負(fù)性詞語的回憶量上存在顯著差異(t(31)=0.84,P＜0.05),相比中性詞而言,高、低神經(jīng)質(zhì)組被試均對負(fù)性詞的回憶數(shù)量更多,兩組被試都存在對負(fù)性情緒詞語的記憶偏向。 實(shí)驗(yàn)三通過模棱兩可事件的解釋任務(wù)來探討高、低神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體是否對模棱兩可事件存在消極的解釋偏向,以考察神經(jīng)質(zhì)對認(rèn)知解釋加工階段影響的特點(diǎn)。高、低神經(jīng)質(zhì)組被試在解釋偏向測驗(yàn)中得分的差異顯著(t=4.78,p＜.001),高神經(jīng)質(zhì)被試對模棱兩可事件在比較消極和消極選項(xiàng)上的解釋偏向測驗(yàn)總分顯著高于低神經(jīng)質(zhì)被試。 通過三個系列實(shí)驗(yàn),本研究的結(jié)論為： (1)實(shí)驗(yàn)一：高神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體對負(fù)性情緒詞語的反應(yīng)時間顯著長于正性詞,對負(fù)性詞語的顏色命名任務(wù)占用了高神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體更多的認(rèn)知資源,存在對負(fù)性詞語的注意偏向；低神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體對正性情緒詞語的反應(yīng)時間顯著長于負(fù)性詞,對正性詞語的顏色命名任務(wù)占用了高神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體更多的認(rèn)知資源,存在對正性詞語的注意偏向。 (2)實(shí)驗(yàn)二：高、低神經(jīng)質(zhì)組被試在中性詞和負(fù)性詞之間的回憶量上均存在顯著差異,表明高、低神經(jīng)質(zhì)組被試均對負(fù)性詞的回憶量要多于中性詞,高、低神經(jīng)質(zhì)組被試都存在對負(fù)性詞語的記憶偏向。 (3)實(shí)驗(yàn)三：高神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體在解釋偏向測驗(yàn)的得分上顯著多于低神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體,說明高神經(jīng)質(zhì)個體存在對模棱兩可事件的消極解釋偏向。
[Abstract]:The research on cognitive processing of personality and emotion is one of the hotspots of psychological research in recent years. A lot of previous studies have shown that individuals with high neuroticism are more likely to produce a variety of negative emotional disorders. The main personality dimension of neuroticism is an important aspect of individual mental health and physical health. Most of the previous studies focus on the personality. Based on this, this study attempts to explore the effects of neuroticism on the cognitive processing bias of emotional information in different cognitive processing stages. There is a certain degree of cognitive bias, which not only exists in the coding of information, in the storage phase, in the stage of information extraction, and in the cognitive interpretation or attribution stage. This study focuses on three stages of attention processing, memory processing interpretation and processing, and different cognitive tasks are adopted at the three different stages.
In the experiment one, we selected the words and materials with different emotional titers as experimental materials through the emotional Stroop experimental paradigm, and explored whether the individuals of high and low neuroticism had a attention bias to different valence words to investigate the characteristics of the effects of neuroticism on the attention processing stage. (F (2132) =0.24, P > 0.05); there was no significant difference in the main effect of neuroticism (F (1,66) =1.01, P > 0.05); the interaction between the type of word and the group was significant (F (2132) =3.55, P < 0.05). Further analysis showed that there were significant differences between the high and low neuroticism groups in negative words and positive words (t (36) =15.88,) (t (32) =-24.22, p=0.00). It showed that the reaction time of the negative words was significantly longer than positive words in the high neuroticism group. The color naming task of negative words occupied more cognitive attention resources of the high neuroticism, and the attention bias towards negative emotional words; and the response of the low neuroticism group to the positive words. Time is longer than negative words. The color naming task of positive words occupies more cognitive attention resources of low neuroticism, and attention bias to positive emotion words.
Experiment two explored whether individuals with high and low neuroticism had memory bias against different titer words through speech discrimination and free recall tasks to investigate the characteristics of the effects of neuroticism on the memory processing stage. The experimental results showed that the main effects of the internal factors were significant (F (2120) =3.81, P < 0.05), and the factors of neuroticism between the subjects were neuroticism. The flat main effect was not significant (F (1,60) =0.58, P > 0.05), and the interaction between the word type and the neuroticism was not significant (F (2120) =0.04, P > 0.05). The results showed that there were significant differences in the memory of neutral words and negative words (t (31) =0.84, P < 0.05) in the free recall task (t (31) =0.84, P < 0.05), and compared with neutral words, high and low nerves. There were more recollections of negative words in the two groups of subjects.
Experiment three examined whether the high, low neurotic individuals had a negative interpretation bias against ambiguous events to examine the characteristics of the effects of neuroticism on the cognitive processing stage. High, low neuroticism was significantly different in the interpretation bias test (t=4.78, P <.001), and high neuroticism. The total score of explanatory bias for ambiguous events on negative and negative options was significantly higher than that of low neuroticism subjects.
Through three series of experiments, the conclusion of this study is as follows:
(1) experiment 1: the response time of high neurotic individuals to negative emotional words is longer than positive words. The color naming task of negative words occupies more cognitive resources of high neurotic individuals, and there is a bias toward negative words; the response time of low neuroticism to positive mood words is longer than negative words, and the positive words are positive to negative words. The task of color naming of sexual words takes up more cognitive resources of high neurotic individuals and attentional bias towards positive words.
(2) experiment two: there were significant differences in the memory between the neutral and the negative words in the high and low neuroticism groups, indicating that the high, low neuroticism subjects had more memories of negative words than those of the neutral words, and the subjects in the low neuroticism group had the memory bias toward negative words.
(3) experiment three: highly neurotic individuals were significantly more than low neurotic individuals in interpreting bias tests, suggesting that high neurotic individuals have negative explanations for ambiguous events.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

1 戴琴;馮正直;;神經(jīng)質(zhì)人格對情緒詞注意偏向的影響[J];中國健康心理學(xué)雜志;2008年04期

2 陳莉;李文虎;;人格特質(zhì)對情緒信息加工的影響[J];江西師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期

3 陳少華,曾毅;雙作業(yè)任務(wù)中人格特質(zhì)對選擇性加工的影響[J];心理科學(xué);2004年01期

4 鄭希付;焦慮情緒與啟動情緒兩種狀態(tài)下的記憶信息處理[J];心理科學(xué);2005年02期

5 陳少華,鄭雪;人格特質(zhì)對選擇性加工偏向的影響[J];心理科學(xué);2005年05期

6 柳春香;黃希庭;;特質(zhì)焦慮大學(xué)生注意偏向的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];心理科學(xué);2008年06期

7 陳俊;易曉文;;拖延行為個體對人格特征詞、拖延詞的注意偏向[J];心理科學(xué);2009年02期

8 何媛媛;袁加錦;伍澤蓮;李紅;;正性情緒刺激效價(jià)強(qiáng)度的變化對外傾個體注意的調(diào)制作用[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2008年11期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 許書萍;高社交焦慮大學(xué)生的解釋偏向[D];華東師范大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：1860865