本文選題：類別歸納 + 前提典型性效應(yīng)��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：歸納推理(induction or inductive reasoning)是一種高級(jí)的思維形式,是從具體事件或事實(shí)推論到一般事件或事實(shí)的過程。類別信息在類別歸納推理中扮演著關(guān)鍵的角色,以詞語類別為基礎(chǔ)的歸納推理稱之為類別歸納推理(category-based induction)。典型性(typicality)是指某個(gè)具體類別在其所屬上位類別中的代表程度,代表程度越高說明其在該類別中越典型。典型成員相比同類別下不典型成員在信息加工過程中具有更多的加工優(yōu)勢(shì),這種現(xiàn)象被稱作典型性效應(yīng)(typicality effect)。研究共設(shè)計(jì)了3個(gè)子研究,采用詞語型類別歸納推理任務(wù),運(yùn)用事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù)(ERPs)依次測(cè)量了類別歸納推理中結(jié)論典型性效應(yīng)與前提典型性效應(yīng)的ERP反應(yīng)。研究一測(cè)量了類別歸納推理中,當(dāng)前提和結(jié)論均為具體水平詞語時(shí),結(jié)論典型性效應(yīng)在結(jié)論的類別階段和屬性階段的ERP特征。研究的行為結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)結(jié)論屬性與前提屬性相同時(shí),典型結(jié)論的反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著短于不典型結(jié)論的反應(yīng)時(shí),且典型結(jié)論的“是”反應(yīng)率顯著高于不典型結(jié)論的“是”反應(yīng)率。研究的ERP結(jié)果表明,在結(jié)論的類別階段,典型結(jié)論條件比不典型條件誘發(fā)了更大的P2波幅和更小的N400波幅;在結(jié)論的屬性階段,當(dāng)結(jié)論的屬性與前提的屬性相同時(shí),典型結(jié)論條件誘發(fā)了顯著大于不典型結(jié)論條件的P3b波幅。研究二在研究一的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步探索了當(dāng)前提和結(jié)論均為具體水平詞語時(shí),類別歸納推理中的前提典型性效應(yīng)分別在結(jié)論的類別和屬性階段的ERP特征。行為結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)結(jié)論屬性與前提屬性相同時(shí),由典型前提推斷具體結(jié)論成立的反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著短于由不典型前提推斷具體結(jié)論成立的反應(yīng)時(shí),且前者的“是”反應(yīng)率顯著高于后者的“是”反應(yīng)率。同時(shí),ERP研究顯示,在結(jié)論的類別階段,典型前提后的具體結(jié)論類別比不典型前提后的具體結(jié)論類別誘發(fā)了更大的P2波幅和更小的N400波幅;在結(jié)論的屬性階段,當(dāng)結(jié)論的屬性與前提的屬性相同時(shí),典型前提后的結(jié)論屬性誘發(fā)的P3b波幅顯著大于不典型前提后的結(jié)論屬性誘發(fā)的P3b波幅。研究三在研究一和研究二的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步拓展,探索了類別歸納推理中,當(dāng)前提為具體水平詞語、結(jié)論為一般水平詞語時(shí),前提典型性效應(yīng)在結(jié)論的類別階段和屬性階段的ERP特征。行為結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)結(jié)論屬性與前提屬性相同時(shí),由典型前提推斷一般結(jié)論成立的反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著短于由不典型前提推斷一般結(jié)論成立的反應(yīng)時(shí),且前者的“是”反應(yīng)率顯著高于后者的“是”反應(yīng)率。同時(shí),研究的ERP結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在結(jié)論的類別階段,典型前提誘發(fā)了比不典型前提更小的N400波幅;在結(jié)論的屬性階段,當(dāng)結(jié)論的屬性與前提的屬性相同時(shí),典型前提后的結(jié)論屬性誘發(fā)的P3b波幅顯著大于不典型前提后的結(jié)論屬性誘發(fā)的P3b波幅。3個(gè)研究的結(jié)果一致表明,在類別歸納推理任務(wù)中:(1)在結(jié)論類別階段,典型條件誘發(fā)的N400波幅顯著小于不典型條件誘發(fā)的N400波幅,反映了不典型條件比典型條件在進(jìn)行語義整合時(shí)需要更多的認(rèn)知努力;(2)在結(jié)論的屬性階段,當(dāng)結(jié)論的屬性與前提的屬性相同時(shí),典型條件誘發(fā)的P3b波幅顯著大于不典型條件誘發(fā)的P3b波幅,反映了典型條件比不典型條件具有更大的推理預(yù)期滿意程度。根據(jù)這些結(jié)果可知,當(dāng)類別歸納推理?xiàng)l件可以接受時(shí),N400成分和P3b成分可以分別在結(jié)論的類別階段和屬性階段標(biāo)示類別歸納推理中存在的典型性效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Induction or inductive reasoning is a kind of advanced thinking form, which is the process of inference from specific events or facts to general events or facts. Category information plays a key role in category inductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning based on word category is called category inductive reasoning (category-based induction). Typicality refers to the degree of representation of a specific category in the upper class. The higher the representation is, the more typical it is in the category. The typical member has more processing advantages in the process of information processing compared with the untypical members of the same category, which is called the typicality effect. 3 sub studies were designed, using word type inductive reasoning task, and using event related potential technique (ERPs) to measure the ERP reaction of the typical effect and the precondition effect in the category inductive reasoning. The results of the study show that the response of the typical conclusion is significantly shorter than that of the untypical conclusion when the conclusion attributes are with the precondition attributes, and the "yes" response rate of the typical conclusion is significantly higher than the "yes" rate of the untypical conclusion. The ERP results of the study show that the results of the study show that the response rate of the typical conclusion is significantly higher than that of the atypical conclusion. In the category stage of the conclusion, the typical conclusion conditions induce greater P2 amplitude and smaller N400 amplitude than untypical conditions; in the attribute stage of the conclusion, when the attribute of the conclusion and the precondition attribute, the typical conclusion condition induces the P3b amplitude which is significantly larger than the untypical conclusion condition. Study two is based on the first research. This paper explores the ERP characteristics of the precondition effects in category and attribute stages of category inductive reasoning when the current and conclusion are all specific level words, and the results show that when the conclusion attribute is simultaneously with the precondition attribute, the response of the specific conclusion from the typical premise is significantly shorter than that from the untypical premise. At the same time, the ERP study showed that in the category stage of the conclusion, the specific type of conclusion after the typical premise was larger than the specific category after the untypical premise. The larger amplitude of P2 and the smaller N400 wave amplitude were induced, and the attribute order of the conclusion was in the conclusion. At the same time, when the attribute of the conclusion is at the same time, the P3b amplitude induced by the conclusion attribute after the typical premise is significantly greater than the P3b amplitude induced by the conclusion attribute after the untypical premise. Study three further expands the study on the basis of the study one and the study two, and explores the specific level words, and the conclusion is a conclusion in the category induction reasoning. The results show that when the conclusion attribute is at the same time with the precondition attribute, the response of the general conclusion from the typical premise is significantly shorter than that of the general conclusion from the untypical premise, and the "yes" reaction rate of the former is "the" reaction rate of the former. At the same time, the ERP results of the study found that in the category stage of the conclusion, the typical precondition induces a N400 amplitude that is smaller than the untypical premise; in the attribute stage of the conclusion, when the attribute of the conclusion and the premise attribute is simultaneously, the P3b wave amplitude induced by the conclusion attribute after the typical premise is significantly greater than that of the untypical precondition. The results of the P3b amplitude.3 study induced by the conclusion of the conclusion indicate that in the category inductive reasoning task: (1) the N400 wave amplitude induced by typical conditions is significantly less than the N400 amplitude induced by the atypical condition in the category stage, which reflects that the atypical conditions require more cognitive efforts than the typical items in semantic integration; (2 In the attribute phase of the conclusion, the P3b amplitude induced by the typical condition is significantly greater than the P3b amplitude induced by the atypical condition when the attribute of the conclusion is at the same time, and the typical condition has a greater expected satisfaction degree than the untypical condition. According to these results, it can be found that when the category inductive reasoning conditions are acceptable, N400 Composition and P3b components can mark the typical effects of category inductive reasoning at the stage and attribute stage of conclusion respectively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：1860252