本文選題：樂觀 + 悲觀��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為人格品質(zhì)重要方面,樂觀和悲觀的不同心理與行為適應(yīng)性受到研究者關(guān)注。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)樂觀情緒作為一種積極情緒對個體產(chǎn)生有利的影響,與個體的好心情、堅持不懈的毅力、較高的成就和生理健康密切相關(guān)。此外研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),樂觀與悲觀個體的認(rèn)知風(fēng)格與歸因方式不同,這種不同的認(rèn)知方式與歸因方式也是導(dǎo)致樂觀與悲觀個體不同適應(yīng)性的重要原因。注意偏向(Attentional Bias)作為一種重要的認(rèn)知活動,是個體對特定刺激的高敏感性并伴隨選擇性注意,然而樂觀與悲觀個體對不同情緒效價刺激注意偏向的研究比較缺乏。因此本研究同時采用情緒Stroop范式和點探測范式,考察樂觀個體與悲觀個體對不同情緒面孔刺激的注意偏向,從而進(jìn)一步揭示樂觀與悲觀個體不同心理與行為適應(yīng)的認(rèn)知機(jī)制。 本研究采用《樂觀悲觀量表中文版》(OPS-C)對265名大學(xué)生被試進(jìn)行樂觀悲觀評分測量,選取樂觀樣本被試40名悲觀樣本被試40名。運用E-prime進(jìn)行實驗設(shè)計,SPSS19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,探討了樂觀與悲觀個體對情緒面孔刺激的注意偏向。研究結(jié)論如下： (1)在情緒Stroop實驗任務(wù)中,兩組實驗對象對兩種情緒面孔表現(xiàn)出不同的情緒注意偏向,樂觀組對積極面孔的正性情緒、悲觀組對消極面孔的負(fù)性情緒產(chǎn)生注意偏向。在樂觀組中,相對于消極面孔,積極面孔對樂觀組產(chǎn)生更強的干擾抑制,而在悲觀組中,與積極面孔相比,消極面孔對悲觀組將產(chǎn)生更強的干擾抑制,證實了特質(zhì)一致性假設(shè)。 (2)在點探測實驗任務(wù)中,考察了樂觀和悲觀被試在不同情緒面孔圖片下的注意偏向,結(jié)果表明樂觀被試對積極面孔更敏感,表現(xiàn)出對積極面孔的注意增強,而悲觀被試則對消極面孔更敏感,表現(xiàn)出消極面孔的注意增強,同樣支持特質(zhì)一致性假設(shè)。 (3)這些結(jié)果顯示,樂觀個體對積極情緒刺激的出現(xiàn)存在注意偏向,而悲觀個體則對消極情緒刺激的出現(xiàn)存在注意偏向。因此,樂觀個體更可能注意到積極的刺激,悲觀的個體更可能會注意到消極的刺激,進(jìn)而會對個體心理健康產(chǎn)生不同的影響。
[Abstract]:As an important aspect of personality quality, the different psychological and behavioral adaptations of optimism and pessimism are concerned by researchers. It has been found that optimism, as a positive emotion, has a beneficial effect on the individual, which is closely related to the individual's good mood, persistent perseverance, high achievement and physiological health. In addition, it is found that the cognitive styles and attributional styles of optimistic and pessimistic individuals are different, and the different cognitive styles and attributional styles are also the important reasons for the different adaptations of optimistic and pessimistic individuals. As an important cognitive activity, attention bias is highly sensitive to specific stimuli and is accompanied by selective attention. Therefore, the present study adopts both emotional Stroop paradigm and point detection paradigm to investigate the attention bias of optimistic and pessimistic individuals to different emotional facial stimuli, thus further revealing the cognitive mechanism of different psychological and behavioral adaptation between optimistic and pessimistic individuals. In this study, we used OPS-Cto to measure the optimistic pessimism score of 265 college students, and selected 40 optimistic sample subjects and 40 pessimistic sample subjects. E-prime was used to carry out the experimental design and SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the attention bias of optimistic and pessimistic individuals to emotional face stimulation. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) in the emotional Stroop task, the subjects of the two groups showed different emotional attention bias towards the two emotional faces, the positive emotion of the optimistic group and the negative emotion of the negative face in the pessimistic group. In the optimistic group, compared with the negative face, the positive face has stronger interference suppression to the optimistic group, while in the pessimistic group, the negative face will produce stronger interference suppression on the pessimistic group than the positive face, which confirms the hypothesis of trait consistency. The results showed that the optimistic subjects were more sensitive to the positive faces and showed more attention to the positive faces. 2) in the point detection task, we examined the attention bias of the optimistic and pessimistic subjects under different emotional faces. The results showed that the optimistic subjects were more sensitive to the positive faces and showed more attention to the positive faces. The pessimistic subjects were more sensitive to negative faces and showed increased attention to negative faces, which also supported the hypothesis of trait consistency. 3) these results show that positive individuals have attention bias to the emergence of positive emotional stimuli, while pessimistic individuals have attention bias to the emergence of negative emotional stimuli. Therefore, optimistic individuals are more likely to notice positive stimuli, and pessimistic individuals are more likely to notice negative stimuli, which may have different effects on individual mental health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.6

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