本文選題：SNARC效應(yīng) + 注意捕獲效應(yīng)��； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)字-空間聯(lián)合編碼效應(yīng)(Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes effect, SNARC effect)自1993年提出后,就一直是研究者關(guān)注的熱點。從最初的阿拉伯數(shù)字在水平方向的空間聯(lián)合,不斷拓展到各語言系統(tǒng)不同的數(shù)字符號、字母、月份,甚至樂音音高、時間與空間的聯(lián)合。且從最初的水平方向不斷拓展到豎直方向,甚至深度空間維度。目前而言,水平與豎直方向發(fā)的SNARC效應(yīng)都取得了豐富的研究成果。與此同時,研究者對數(shù)字空間偏向性的成因也做出了探索。心理數(shù)字線、文化閱讀習慣、計算模型、生理機制,以及近年來興起的具身認知心理學的角度嘗試對數(shù)字與空間的連結(jié)做出解釋。 在SNARC研究早期,就有研究者對數(shù)字空間偏向性和注意之間的關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了興趣。并發(fā)現(xiàn),當不要求被試對數(shù)字進行深度加工時,發(fā)現(xiàn)被試的注意資源在空間上分配同樣受到了數(shù)字的影響,其方向與SNARC效應(yīng)一致。并稱之為注意的SNARC效應(yīng)(Attentional SNARC effect)。后有研究者通過注意的SNARC范式也對數(shù)字的空間偏向性進行探索。我國也有研究者通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)不同提示線索下內(nèi)、外源注意對SNARC效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生影響。同時近期有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),除了需注意的目標數(shù)字本身,其周圍存在的數(shù)字也會對目標數(shù)字的空間認知產(chǎn)生影響。因此,本研究擬在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上進一步深入考察注意現(xiàn)象以及周圍數(shù)字對目標數(shù)字空間偏向性的影響作用。 本文共包括四個混合設(shè)計的實驗。四實驗采用不同的周圍刺激進行考察,周圍刺激對目標數(shù)字的干擾性逐漸加深。實驗一中,考察周圍刺激與目標數(shù)字為不同符號系統(tǒng)時,注意捕獲現(xiàn)象以及實驗范式中的額外奇異刺激對目標數(shù)字空間認知可能產(chǎn)生的干擾。將奇異刺激類型作為被試間變量進行考察。首先考察當額外奇異刺激與目標數(shù)字為不同符號系統(tǒng)時對其產(chǎn)生的影響,其次考察不具有空間偏向性的數(shù)字作為額外的奇異刺激對目標數(shù)字的干擾,最后考察具有空間偏向性的數(shù)字作為額外奇異刺激對目標數(shù)字的干擾。不同奇異刺激對目標數(shù)字的干擾隨著奇異刺激的變化而不斷增大。實驗二中將周圍刺激替換為無空間偏向性的阿拉伯數(shù)字,同樣考察上述三類額外奇異刺激對目標數(shù)字空間認知的影響。實驗二中周圍刺激與目標數(shù)字屬于同一符號系統(tǒng),增加了被試對需要做出反應(yīng)的目標數(shù)字搜索任務(wù)的難度,進一步加大了周圍刺激對反應(yīng)目標的干擾效應(yīng)。實驗三與實驗四考察具有空間偏向性的周圍刺激與額外的奇異刺激對目標數(shù)字的干擾。實驗三和實驗四的周圍刺激分別具有左側(cè)或右側(cè)空間偏向性,與目標數(shù)字的空間對應(yīng)關(guān)系產(chǎn)生交互影響,增加了注意捕獲效應(yīng)對目標數(shù)字空間認知的干擾。 研究結(jié)論如下： (1)周圍刺激與奇異刺激均無空間偏向性時,可以觀察到數(shù)字的SNARC效應(yīng)； (2)奇異刺激的空間偏向性能夠?qū)δ繕藬?shù)字的空間偏向性產(chǎn)生影響,甚至可以反轉(zhuǎn)與其相左的數(shù)字空間偏向； (3)周圍刺激空間偏向性同樣可以干擾目標數(shù)字的SNARC效應(yīng)； (4)實驗中均可觀察到注意捕獲現(xiàn)象,表明額外的奇異刺激范式能夠有效考察注意捕獲現(xiàn)象對SNARC效應(yīng)的影響。
[Abstract]:The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes effect, SNARC effect (SNARC effect) has been the focus of attention since 1993. From the initial level of the Arabia number in the horizontal space, the number of symbols, letters, months, or even sound sounds of different languages were extended. The combination of height, time and space. And from the original horizontal direction to the vertical direction, even the depth space dimension. At present, the SNARC effect in the horizontal and vertical direction has made a lot of research results. At the same time, researchers have also explored the cause of the bias of digital space. Psychological digital lines, cultural reading habits. Accustomed to computational models, physiological mechanisms, and the rise of cognitive psychology in recent years, attempts have been made to explain the connection between numbers and space.
At the early stage of the SNARC study, researchers were interested in the relationship between digital spatial bias and attention. It was found that when the subjects were not required to process the number, it was found that the distribution of attention resources in the space was also influenced by the number, which was in the same direction as the SNARC effect. It was called the SNARC effect of attention (A Ttentional SNARC effect). Then some researchers have explored the spatial bias of numbers through the SNARC paradigm that has been paid attention to. In our country, some researchers also found that external attention has an impact on the SNARC effect in different hints. A word can also affect the spatial cognition of the target numbers. Therefore, this study is intended to further investigate the effect of attention phenomenon and the influence of the surrounding numbers on the orientation of the target digital space on the basis of the above research.
This paper includes four experiments of mixed design. Four experiments are conducted with different peripheral stimuli, and the interference of the surrounding stimuli to the target numbers is gradually deepened. In experiment one, the attention capture phenomenon and the extra singular stimulation in the experimental model are used to identify the target numbers in the experimental model. The effects of the singular stimulus type as the subject variables are investigated. First, the effects of the extra singular stimulus and the target number on the different symbol systems are investigated. Secondly, the interference of the number that does not have the spatial bias is investigated as an extra singular stimulus to the target number, and the final inspection has the spatial bias. The interference of the directed number as an extra singular stimulus to the target number. The interference of the different singular stimuli to the target number increases with the change of the singular stimulus. In Experiment 2, the surrounding stimulus is replaced by a spatial bias free Arabia number, and the image of the above three kinds of extra singular stimuli is also examined for the image of the target digital space. The peripheral stimulus and the target number belong to the same symbol system, which increases the difficulty of the target digital search task that needs to be reacted to, and further increases the interference effect of the surrounding stimuli on the response target. Experiment three and Experiment four examine the surrounding stimuli with spatial bias and extra singular stimulation to the target. The interference of the peripheral stimuli in experiment three and Experiment four, respectively, has spatial bias on the left or right side, which has an interactive effect on the spatial correspondence of the target numbers, and increases the interference of the attention capture effect to the target digital spatial cognition.
The conclusions are as follows:
(1) the SNARC effect can be observed when there is no spatial bias between peripheral stimulus and singular stimulus.
(2) the spatial bias of singular stimulus can affect the spatial bias of target number, and even reverse the deviation of its digital space.
(3) the spatial bias of peripheral stimuli can also interfere with the SNARC effect of target numbers.
(4) the attentional capture phenomenon can be observed in the experiment. It shows that the additional singular stimulus paradigm can effectively examine the effect of attentional capture on the SNARC effect.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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