本文選題：人-計算機(jī)系統(tǒng) + 分布式記憶��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：計算機(jī)及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為人類獲取和存儲各種信息的重要工具。人-計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)下的信息有其獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn),這便對人類對人機(jī)情境下信息的記憶等認(rèn)知加工能力提出了新的要求；而這些變化可能在一定程度上塑造著人腦。Sparrow,Liu,Wegner(2011)的研究表明,人-計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)成為了人類分布式記憶系統(tǒng)的一個重要組成部分。他們的研究結(jié)論被稱為“谷歌效應(yīng)”。盡管該研究在學(xué)術(shù)界有廣泛的影響力,但是其存在不少局限性。在此研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究進(jìn)一步探討了記憶谷歌效應(yīng)的認(rèn)知加工特點(diǎn)及神經(jīng)機(jī)制。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一考察了人類對信息存儲路徑的記憶不單純是語義記憶,還涉及對文件視覺空間信息的記憶。首先要求被試學(xué)習(xí)一系列文檔中的40個句子。他們被告知這些信息對于解決后續(xù)階段的問題很重要,須認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。稍后的測試階段,要求被試對各個句子存儲的路徑進(jìn)行再認(rèn)。一種條件下各級路徑文檔的名稱已去掉,而只保留其視空間位置；另一種條件下只向被試呈現(xiàn)各級路徑的名稱。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：兩種條件下被試的再認(rèn)準(zhǔn)確率均顯著高于隨機(jī)水平,驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)假設(shè)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二考察了在現(xiàn)實(shí)情境下“谷歌效應(yīng)”是否依舊存在。A組被試被告知學(xué)習(xí)完一系列文檔中的40個句子后,它們會被刪除；B組被試被告知隨后解決相關(guān)問題時仍可回這些文件夾檢索信息。這些句子被編寫為40個填空題。隨后要求被試填寫20個題目的答案并搜索另外20個題目的存儲路徑。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：A組被試填空的正確率顯著更高,但是他們信息檢索的行為績效更差,驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)假設(shè)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)三利用腦電技術(shù)研究了人類對計算機(jī)存儲的漢語句子及其路徑進(jìn)行回憶時的神經(jīng)機(jī)制。首先要求被試學(xué)習(xí)一系列文件夾和文檔中的60個句子。測試階段他們需要回憶某條句子的內(nèi)容或者存儲它的路徑。十分鐘分心任務(wù)后,被試完成該測試。ERP結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：無論是回憶內(nèi)容還是路徑,左側(cè)額顳葉均誘發(fā)一個與語義記憶信息提取相關(guān)的N400成分,但前者波幅更負(fù)；但是,回憶路徑時在頂枕葉誘發(fā)了一個波幅更大的正慢波、在右側(cè)額葉誘發(fā)了一個更負(fù)的ERP負(fù)成分。 本研究揭示了人機(jī)分布式記憶系統(tǒng)中人類回憶句子內(nèi)容和存儲該信息的路徑時不同的認(rèn)知與神經(jīng)加工機(jī)制,為探討計算機(jī)或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用對人類腦功能及腦機(jī)構(gòu)的塑造提供了一定證據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Computers and the Internet have become an important tool for people to access and store all kinds of information. The information in human-computer system has its unique characteristics, which puts forward new requirements for human cognitive processing ability such as memory of information in man-machine situation, and these changes may to some extent shape the human brain. Human-computer system has become an important part of human distributed memory system. Their findings are called the Google effect. Although the research has wide influence in academia, it has many limitations. On the basis of this study, we further explore the cognitive processing characteristics and neural mechanism of the memory Google effect. In the first experiment, we investigate that the memory of information storage path is not only semantic memory, but also the memory of visual spatial information. Participants were first asked to learn 40 sentences in a series of documents. They were told that the information was important for solving problems in the subsequent stage and must be carefully studied. Later in the test phase, participants were asked to recognize the paths stored in each sentence. In one case, the names of all levels of path documents have been removed, but only the visual space positions of the documents are retained; in the other case, the names of all levels of paths are presented only to the subjects. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the two conditions is significantly higher than that of the random level, which verifies the experimental hypothesis. Experiment two examined whether the "Google effect" still existed in real situations. Group A subjects were told to learn 40 sentences in a series of documents. They will be deleted group B subjects told to resolve the related issues later can still return to these folders to retrieve information. These sentences are written into 40 blanks. Participants were then asked to fill out answers to 20 questions and search for storage paths for another 20 questions. The results showed that the correct rate of filling in the blanks was significantly higher in group 1: a, but the performance of information retrieval was worse, which verified the hypothesis of the experiment. In experiment 3, the neural mechanism of human memory of Chinese sentences and their paths was studied by using EEG technique. Participants were first asked to learn 60 sentences in a series of folders and documents. During the test phase, they need to recall the contents of a sentence or store its path. After 10 minutes of distraction task, the subjects completed the test. ERP results showed that the left frontotemporal lobe induced a N400 component related to semantic memory information extraction, but the amplitude of the former was more negative; however, A larger positive slow wave was induced in the parietal occipital lobe and a more negative ERP negative component in the right frontal lobe. This study reveals different cognitive and neural processing mechanisms for human recall of sentence content and the path in which the information is stored in a human-computer distributed memory system. It provides some evidence for the study of human brain function and brain structure by using computer or Internet.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.3

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