本文選題：錯誤記憶 + 發(fā)展性逆轉(zhuǎn)　； 參考：《深圳大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：錯誤記憶的發(fā)展性逆轉(zhuǎn)是指在一定條件下錯誤記憶隨著年齡的增長而增長的現(xiàn)象。雖然這個效應已經(jīng)被眾多研究所證實,但是研究者目前更感興趣的是對于具有情緒效價的實驗材料,這一效應是否依然存在。目前關(guān)于情緒效價對錯誤記憶發(fā)展性逆轉(zhuǎn)影響的研究結(jié)果并不一致,并且對于情緒影響不同年齡兒童錯誤記憶背后的認知機制也有待更進一步的探討。針對以上問題,本研究用兩個實驗來探討情緒效價對錯誤記憶發(fā)展性逆轉(zhuǎn)的影響及其背后的認知機制。為了能使研究結(jié)果與以往研究進行直接對比,實驗材料引用了經(jīng)典的DRM中性詞表和負性詞表。實驗一采用DRM范式,在這個實驗范式中,學習階段要求被試識記一系列語義相關(guān)的單詞(例如床鋪、做夢、打盹、疲倦、夜晚、睡醒、休息),并且這些單詞的語義均指向一個關(guān)鍵誘餌單詞(睡覺),但是這個關(guān)鍵誘餌在學習階段并不呈現(xiàn),在之后的回憶或者再認測驗階段,被試對關(guān)鍵誘餌的虛報率非常高。研究選取了7-8歲,11-12歲的兒童與18-20歲的青年成人。實驗結(jié)果表明,年齡主效應顯著,情緒效價主效應顯著,年齡和情緒效價的交互作用不顯著。實驗二為了探索不同年齡兒童情緒錯誤記憶背后的認知加工機制,采用了簡化的聯(lián)合再認范式,也就是DRM范式的變式,兩個范式的差異主要體現(xiàn)在再認階段,當被試對出現(xiàn)的詞匯反應為“否”時,會再問一個問題,“是否與學過詞有語義相關(guān)”?并且結(jié)合多項式加工樹建模的統(tǒng)計方法對錯誤記憶的認知加工過程進行建模和參數(shù)估計。實驗結(jié)果表明,年齡主效應顯著,情緒效價主效應顯著,年齡和情緒效價的交互作用顯著。并且,對于不同年齡兒童情緒影響錯誤記憶的認知機制也是不同的。研究得到以下結(jié)論:第一,在DRM范式下,負性錯誤記憶也隨著年齡的增長而增加,遵循錯誤記憶發(fā)展性逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢。第二,在簡化的聯(lián)合再認范式下,負性錯誤記憶隨年齡增長而增長的趨勢只存在于7-8歲與11-12歲之間,在11-12歲與18-20歲之間這種增長現(xiàn)象消失了。關(guān)于情緒錯誤記憶的認知機制,不同年齡的兒童也是不同的,具體表現(xiàn)為,7-8歲兒童負性錯誤記憶多于中性錯誤記憶是因為負性詞匯導致了更強的要義記憶,11-12歲兒童負性錯誤記憶多于中性錯誤記憶是反應偏向作用的結(jié)果,而對于18-20歲的青年成人,表現(xiàn)出了負性錯誤記憶少于中性錯誤記憶的傾向,并且?guī)缀鯖]有受到要義記憶的影響,僅僅是反應偏向作用的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The developmental reversal of false memory refers to the phenomenon that false memory increases with age under certain conditions. Although this effect has been confirmed by many studies, researchers are now more interested in whether the effect still exists in experimental materials with emotional titer. At present, the effect of emotion titer on the developmental reversal of false memory is not consistent, and the cognitive mechanism behind emotional influence on false memory in children of different ages needs to be further explored. In view of the above problems, this study uses two experiments to explore the effect of emotion titer on the developmental reversal of false memory and the cognitive mechanism behind it. In order to directly compare the results with previous studies, the classical DRM neutral word table and negative lexical table were used in the experiment. Experiment 1 uses the DRM paradigm, in which subjects are asked to memorize a series of semantically related words (such as bed, dreaming, napping, tiredness, night, waking up). Rest, and the semantics of these words all point to a key decoy word (Sleepy, but this key bait does not appear in the learning stage, in the later recall or recognition test stage, the participants of the key bait false report rate is very high. Children aged 7-8-11-12 and young adults aged 18-20 were selected. The results showed that the main effect of age was significant, the main effect of emotional titer was significant, and the interaction between age and emotional titer was not significant. In experiment two, in order to explore the cognitive processing mechanism behind emotional false memory in children of different ages, the simplified joint recognition paradigm, or the variant of DRM paradigm, is adopted. The difference between the two paradigms is mainly reflected in the recognition stage. When the subjects responded "no" to the words that appeared, they were asked again, "is it related to the semantics of the words learned"? Combining the statistical method of polynomial machining tree modeling, the cognitive processing process of false memory is modeled and the parameters are estimated. The results showed that the main effect of age was significant, the main effect of emotional titer was significant, and the interaction of age and emotional titer was significant. Moreover, the cognitive mechanisms of emotional effects on false memory in children of different ages are also different. The conclusions are as follows: first, under DRM paradigm, negative false memory also increases with age, following the trend of developmental reversal of false memory. Secondly, under the simplified joint recognition paradigm, the increasing trend of negative false memory with increasing age only exists between 7-8 and 11-12 years old, and disappears between 11-12 and 18-20 years old. Regarding the cognitive mechanism of emotional false memory, children of different ages are also different. The specific manifestation is that negative false memory is more than neutral false memory in children aged 7-8 because negative vocabulary leads to stronger meaning memory. Negative false memory more than neutral false memory in 11-12 years old is the result of reaction bias. For the young adults aged 18-20 years, the negative false memory was less than the neutral false memory, and it was almost unaffected by the semantic memory, which was only the result of the reaction bias.
【學位授予單位】：深圳大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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