發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-25 00:17

  本文選題：注視位置　切入點(diǎn)：語義偏向　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在對(duì)拼音文字的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)存在最佳注視位置效應(yīng),即當(dāng)讀者的首次注視落在單詞的中心時(shí),其對(duì)該單詞的識(shí)別時(shí)間最短或再注視的概率最小。而在中文閱讀中,注視點(diǎn)落在詞的不同位置是否會(huì)對(duì)詞匯加工產(chǎn)生不同的影響?與此同時(shí),語義信息同樣也在詞匯加工中占據(jù)著很重要的角色。不同于拼音文字的復(fù)合詞,中文中大多數(shù)的雙字詞是由兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的單元組成,各有其語義成分。在閱讀時(shí),語義信息的偏向是否會(huì)影響著眼動(dòng)行為?因此,本研究旨在探討注視位置和語義偏向?qū)υ~匯加工的影響,并進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證中文雙字詞中是否存在最佳注視位置效應(yīng)。 本論文共包括三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)： 實(shí)驗(yàn)1采用詞匯判斷任務(wù),來探討注視位置和語義偏向?qū)υ~匯加工的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)以14名天津高校的大學(xué)生為被試(平均年齡24.9歲),采用2(注視位置：首字、尾字)×3(語義偏向：雙中心詞、左偏正詞、右偏正詞)的被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)2在實(shí)驗(yàn)1的基礎(chǔ)上,通過改變實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù),采用詞匯歸類任務(wù),讓被試對(duì)目標(biāo)詞的詞性進(jìn)行歸類,實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康暮蛯?shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)同實(shí)驗(yàn)1相一致,被試由20名大學(xué)生組成(平均年齡23.5歲)。實(shí)驗(yàn)3以包含不同語義偏向的雙字詞作為目標(biāo)詞的句子為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,以30名天津各大高校的大學(xué)生為被試(平均年齡25.1歲),采用與實(shí)驗(yàn)1、2相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),考察在自然閱讀過程中,注視位置和語義偏向?qū)υ~匯加工的影響。 在本研究的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,可以得到以下結(jié)果： (1)無論采用詞匯判斷任務(wù),還是采用詞匯歸類任務(wù),注視位置并不能影響被試對(duì)于雙字詞的凝視時(shí)間和再注視概率。 (2)在詞匯判斷任務(wù)和詞匯歸類任務(wù)中,首次注視落在首字時(shí)的首次注視時(shí)間明顯長于首次注視落在尾字時(shí)的首次注視時(shí)間。表明在詞匯加工的早期階段,注視位置對(duì)雙字詞的加工會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。首次注視落在尾字時(shí),更利于對(duì)雙字詞的識(shí)別。 (3)在詞匯判斷任務(wù)中,高水平的語言因素——語義并沒有影響到被試對(duì)于詞匯的識(shí)別加工過程。 (4)在詞匯歸類任務(wù)中,當(dāng)被試首次注視落在尾字時(shí),被試對(duì)右偏正詞的再注視概率明顯低于雙中心詞。表明聯(lián)合式合成詞和偏正式合成詞的信息表征方式有所差異,聯(lián)合式合成詞的詞素之間會(huì)產(chǎn)生語義的競爭抑制,而偏正式合成詞對(duì)詞匯加工起到促進(jìn)作用,特別是在尾字位置上。 (5)在自然閱讀條件下,當(dāng)被試注視位置落到語義信息豐富的區(qū)域時(shí),其詞匯加工的優(yōu)勢(shì)更大。主要表現(xiàn)在：當(dāng)被試注視首字時(shí),對(duì)左偏正詞的凝視時(shí)間明顯少于右偏正詞；當(dāng)被試注視尾字時(shí),對(duì)右偏正詞的凝視時(shí)間明顯少于左偏正詞。而對(duì)于雙中心詞,其首字和尾字上的凝視時(shí)間并無明顯差異。 結(jié)論表明：在中文閱讀中,雙字詞中不存在最佳注視位置效應(yīng)。但是在詞匯加工的早期階段,注視位置對(duì)雙字詞的加工會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。而在自然閱讀條件下,語境有助于被試對(duì)于語義信息的提取,被試的注視位置和雙字詞的語義偏向會(huì)對(duì)詞匯加工產(chǎn)生影響。當(dāng)被試注視語義信息豐富的區(qū)域時(shí),其詞匯加工時(shí)間更短。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese characters found in the optimal landing position effect, when the reader first fixation falls in the center of the word, the word recognition in the shortest time or at least probability. In Chinese reading, watching the fall in different position words have different effects on lexical processing? At the same time, also in the lexical semantic information processing plays a very important role. Compound words are different from alphabetic languages, words most of the Chinese is composed of two independent units, each has its semantic components. When reading, to semantic information will affect the eye movement behavior? Therefore, this study aims to investigate the gaze position and semantic bias effect on word processing, and further verify the existence of optimal landing position effect Chinese double word.
This paper consists of three experiments.
Experiment 1 used lexical decision tasks to explore the gaze position and semantic bias of the lexical processing. The experiment on 14 college students in Tianjin as subjects (mean age 24.9 years), with 2 (at position: the first word, tail word) * 3 (semantic bias: double word, the left side is the word right, partial words) within subjects design. In Experiment 2, based on 1 experiments, by changing the experimental task, the classified vocabulary task, subjects were asked to classify the target word, the purpose of the experiment and experimental design with 1 experimental subjects were consistent, consisting of 20 students (average age: 23.5 at the age of 3). Experiment with double word contains a different semantic preference as target word sentences as experimental materials, with 30 Tianjin universities students as subjects (average age 25.1), using the same experimental design and experimental study of 1,2, in the natural course of reading, eye position and semantic deviation The influence on the processing of vocabulary.
Under the experimental conditions of this study, the following results can be obtained:
(1) whether using lexical decision tasks or using lexical categorization tasks, the fixation position does not affect the subjects' gaze time and the re fixation probability of the double words.
(2) in the lexical decision task and lexical classification, first fixation falls first fixation in the first word of the first fixation time was significantly longer than the fall in the tail word the first fixation time. That in the early stages of lexical processing, watching the processing position pairs of words will have an impact. The first gaze falls on the end of the word when, more conducive to the recognition of words.
(3) in the task of word judgment, the high level of language factor - semantics does not affect the process of recognition and processing of the vocabulary.
(4) in the classified vocabulary task, when the participants fell on the tail first fixation words, subjects to stare at the right is the word probability was significantly lower than that of double center word. That characterization of information combined with compound words and partial formal compound words differ, inhibiting the generation of semantic between morphemes combined compound words in the competition, and to promote the role of partial formal compound words in lexical processing, especially in the end of the word position.
(5) in the natural reading condition, when the participants gaze position to regional rich semantic information, the lexical processing more advantages. Mainly in: when the participants watched the first word, on the left side is the word gaze time was significantly less than the right side is the word; when the participants watched tail words on the right, is the word gaze time was significantly less than the left side is the word. For the double center of the word, the first word and tail word on the fixation time had no obvious difference.
The results showed that in the Chinese reading, watching the best position effect does not exist double word. But in the early stage of lexical processing, watching the processing position pairs of words will have an impact. And in the natural reading condition, context is helpful to try to extract semantic information, semantic gaze position and double subjects the word bias will affect lexical processing. When the participants gazezone rich semantic information, the vocabulary processing time is shorter.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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