本文選題：道德決策　切入點(diǎn)：認(rèn)知風(fēng)格　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我們的日常生活中,涉及到道德的事件無處不在,社會(huì)學(xué),經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等多個(gè)學(xué)科也對道德表現(xiàn)出了極大的興趣并展開了大量的研究,而其中個(gè)體如何做出道德決策是心理學(xué)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),早期的心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為道德決策完全是對于事件的推理,強(qiáng)調(diào)了認(rèn)知在道德決策中的作用而忽視了情緒與直覺對道德決策的影響,后來Hadit等人開始認(rèn)識(shí)到了直覺在道德決策中的重要作用,并將其引入到了道德決策的研究。Greene(2007)則在以往研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合自己在認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的研究成果將情緒與控制性認(rèn)知進(jìn)行了整合,提出了道德決策的雙加工模型,對道德決策做出了進(jìn)一步的完善。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)體在道德事件中的決策往往存在差異,而造成這種差異的因素眾多。Krebs(1997)歸納了諸多影響道德決策的因素,包括情感狀態(tài),時(shí)間距離,道德困境的類型,情境的氛圍等。而對道德決策的影響又不僅僅局限于這些因素,認(rèn)知風(fēng)格作為個(gè)體信息加工的典型方式與偏好,一直也是決策領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn),本研究將基于Greene的道德決策雙加工模型,探討認(rèn)知風(fēng)格是否會(huì)影響到個(gè)體的道德決策,同時(shí)結(jié)合實(shí)際,考察當(dāng)決策時(shí)間較少而造成時(shí)間壓力的條件下以及延長決策時(shí)間的條件下,不同認(rèn)知風(fēng)格的個(gè)體的道德決策是否存在差異。本研究包括兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)1考察認(rèn)知風(fēng)格對道德決策的影響。采用2(認(rèn)知風(fēng)格:理性/直覺)×2(道德困境:個(gè)人困境/非個(gè)人困境)混合設(shè)計(jì),認(rèn)知風(fēng)格為被試間變量,道德困境為被試內(nèi)變量,道德決策中的傾向?yàn)橐蜃兞�。研�?包括兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)2a在實(shí)驗(yàn)1的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步去研究當(dāng)決策時(shí)間較少而造成時(shí)間壓力的條件下是否會(huì)對不同認(rèn)知風(fēng)格個(gè)體在道德困境中的決策產(chǎn)生影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)2b在實(shí)驗(yàn)1的基礎(chǔ)上,研究當(dāng)延長決策時(shí)間的條件下是否又會(huì)對不同認(rèn)知風(fēng)格個(gè)體在道德困境中的選擇產(chǎn)生影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)不同認(rèn)知風(fēng)格個(gè)體在道德困境中的決策傾向性與決策時(shí)間存在差異,在個(gè)人困境中,理性風(fēng)格個(gè)體更傾向于去做符合功利主義的道德決策,同時(shí)耗費(fèi)更多的決策時(shí)間,直覺風(fēng)格個(gè)體更傾向于去做符合道義論的道德決策,同時(shí)耗費(fèi)更少的決策時(shí)間。(2)有時(shí)間壓力下的個(gè)人困境中,理性風(fēng)格個(gè)體會(huì)減少其功利主義的道德決策傾向,相對于非時(shí)間壓力會(huì)更多的去做符合道義論的道德決策。直覺風(fēng)格個(gè)體則沒有表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異。(3)在決策時(shí)間延長的條件下,個(gè)體不會(huì)因?yàn)闀r(shí)間的增加而改變其信息加工方式。因此在時(shí)間延長與非時(shí)間延長條件下,不同認(rèn)知風(fēng)格個(gè)體在道德決策上的偏好不存在顯著差異。
[Abstract]:In our daily life, moral events are everywhere, sociology, economics and other disciplines have shown great interest in morality and carried out a lot of research. And how individuals make moral decisions is the focus of psychological attention. The early psychologists thought that moral decision was entirely the reasoning of events. After emphasizing the role of cognition in moral decision-making and ignoring the influence of emotion and intuition on moral decision-making, Hadit et al began to realize the important role of intuition in moral decision-making. On the basis of previous research, we combine the research results of cognitive neuroscience to integrate emotion with controlled cognition, and put forward a double-processing model of moral decision-making. The study found that individual decision-making in moral events is often different, and that there are many factors that cause this difference. Krebs1997) summarizes many factors that affect moral decision-making, including emotional state, time distance, and so on. The influence on moral decision-making is not limited to these factors. As a typical way and preference of individual information processing, cognitive style has always been a hot research topic in the field of decision-making. This study will explore whether cognitive style will affect individual moral decision making based on Greene's double process model of moral decision, and combine with the practice at the same time. This study was conducted to investigate whether there were differences in moral decision-making among individuals with different cognitive styles under the condition of time pressure caused by less decision-making time and under the condition of prolonging decision-making time. This study includes two experiments. In experiment 1, the influence of cognitive style on moral decision-making was investigated. A mixed design of 2 (cognitive style: rationality / intuition) 脳 2 (moral dilemma: personal dilemma / non-personal dilemma) was used. Cognitive style was a variable between subjects, and moral dilemma was a variable within the subjects. The tendency in moral decision-making is dependent variable. Study 2 consists of two experiments. Experiment 2a is based on experiment 1. To further study whether it will affect the decision of individuals with different cognitive styles in the moral dilemma when the time pressure is less, experiment 2b is based on experiment 1. The results show that the decision tendency and decision time of different cognitive style individuals in moral dilemmas are different from that of different cognitive style individuals, and the results show that there are differences in the decision tendency and the decision time of different cognitive style individuals in moral dilemmas when the decision time is extended, the experiment results show that there are differences in the decision tendency and the decision time of different cognitive style individuals. In personal dilemma, rational style individuals tend to make utilitarian moral decisions and spend more time on decision-making, while intuitive style individuals are more inclined to make moral decisions in line with moral theory. At the same time, less time spent on decision-making. 2) under the pressure of time, the rational style of the individual will reduce its utilitarian tendency of moral decision-making. Compared with non-time pressure, it is more likely to make moral decisions in line with the moral theory. The intuitive style of the individual does not show significant difference. (3) under the condition of prolonged decision time, Individuals do not change their information processing methods because of the increase of time, so there is no significant difference in the preferences of individuals in different cognitive styles in moral decision-making under the condition of time extension and non-time prolongation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.1

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