本文選題：道德決策　切入點：認知風格　出處：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我們的日常生活中,涉及到道德的事件無處不在,社會學,經濟學等多個學科也對道德表現(xiàn)出了極大的興趣并展開了大量的研究,而其中個體如何做出道德決策是心理學關注的焦點,早期的心理學家認為道德決策完全是對于事件的推理,強調了認知在道德決策中的作用而忽視了情緒與直覺對道德決策的影響,后來Hadit等人開始認識到了直覺在道德決策中的重要作用,并將其引入到了道德決策的研究。Greene(2007)則在以往研究的基礎上,結合自己在認知神經科學的研究成果將情緒與控制性認知進行了整合,提出了道德決策的雙加工模型,對道德決策做出了進一步的完善。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)個體在道德事件中的決策往往存在差異,而造成這種差異的因素眾多。Krebs(1997)歸納了諸多影響道德決策的因素,包括情感狀態(tài),時間距離,道德困境的類型,情境的氛圍等。而對道德決策的影響又不僅僅局限于這些因素,認知風格作為個體信息加工的典型方式與偏好,一直也是決策領域的研究熱點,本研究將基于Greene的道德決策雙加工模型,探討認知風格是否會影響到個體的道德決策,同時結合實際,考察當決策時間較少而造成時間壓力的條件下以及延長決策時間的條件下,不同認知風格的個體的道德決策是否存在差異。本研究包括兩個實驗,實驗1考察認知風格對道德決策的影響。采用2(認知風格:理性/直覺)×2(道德困境:個人困境/非個人困境)混合設計,認知風格為被試間變量,道德困境為被試內變量,道德決策中的傾向為因變量。研究2包括兩個實驗,實驗2a在實驗1的基礎上,進一步去研究當決策時間較少而造成時間壓力的條件下是否會對不同認知風格個體在道德困境中的決策產生影響,實驗2b在實驗1的基礎上,研究當延長決策時間的條件下是否又會對不同認知風格個體在道德困境中的選擇產生影響。實驗結果表明:(1)不同認知風格個體在道德困境中的決策傾向性與決策時間存在差異,在個人困境中,理性風格個體更傾向于去做符合功利主義的道德決策,同時耗費更多的決策時間,直覺風格個體更傾向于去做符合道義論的道德決策,同時耗費更少的決策時間。(2)有時間壓力下的個人困境中,理性風格個體會減少其功利主義的道德決策傾向,相對于非時間壓力會更多的去做符合道義論的道德決策。直覺風格個體則沒有表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異。(3)在決策時間延長的條件下,個體不會因為時間的增加而改變其信息加工方式。因此在時間延長與非時間延長條件下,不同認知風格個體在道德決策上的偏好不存在顯著差異。
[Abstract]:In our daily life, moral events are everywhere, sociology, economics and other disciplines have shown great interest in morality and carried out a lot of research. And how individuals make moral decisions is the focus of psychological attention. The early psychologists thought that moral decision was entirely the reasoning of events. After emphasizing the role of cognition in moral decision-making and ignoring the influence of emotion and intuition on moral decision-making, Hadit et al began to realize the important role of intuition in moral decision-making. On the basis of previous research, we combine the research results of cognitive neuroscience to integrate emotion with controlled cognition, and put forward a double-processing model of moral decision-making. The study found that individual decision-making in moral events is often different, and that there are many factors that cause this difference. Krebs1997) summarizes many factors that affect moral decision-making, including emotional state, time distance, and so on. The influence on moral decision-making is not limited to these factors. As a typical way and preference of individual information processing, cognitive style has always been a hot research topic in the field of decision-making. This study will explore whether cognitive style will affect individual moral decision making based on Greene's double process model of moral decision, and combine with the practice at the same time. This study was conducted to investigate whether there were differences in moral decision-making among individuals with different cognitive styles under the condition of time pressure caused by less decision-making time and under the condition of prolonging decision-making time. This study includes two experiments. In experiment 1, the influence of cognitive style on moral decision-making was investigated. A mixed design of 2 (cognitive style: rationality / intuition) 脳 2 (moral dilemma: personal dilemma / non-personal dilemma) was used. Cognitive style was a variable between subjects, and moral dilemma was a variable within the subjects. The tendency in moral decision-making is dependent variable. Study 2 consists of two experiments. Experiment 2a is based on experiment 1. To further study whether it will affect the decision of individuals with different cognitive styles in the moral dilemma when the time pressure is less, experiment 2b is based on experiment 1. The results show that the decision tendency and decision time of different cognitive style individuals in moral dilemmas are different from that of different cognitive style individuals, and the results show that there are differences in the decision tendency and the decision time of different cognitive style individuals in moral dilemmas when the decision time is extended, the experiment results show that there are differences in the decision tendency and the decision time of different cognitive style individuals. In personal dilemma, rational style individuals tend to make utilitarian moral decisions and spend more time on decision-making, while intuitive style individuals are more inclined to make moral decisions in line with moral theory. At the same time, less time spent on decision-making. 2) under the pressure of time, the rational style of the individual will reduce its utilitarian tendency of moral decision-making. Compared with non-time pressure, it is more likely to make moral decisions in line with the moral theory. The intuitive style of the individual does not show significant difference. (3) under the condition of prolonged decision time, Individuals do not change their information processing methods because of the increase of time, so there is no significant difference in the preferences of individuals in different cognitive styles in moral decision-making under the condition of time extension and non-time prolongation.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.1

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 唐江偉;路紅;劉毅;彭堅;;道德直覺決策及其機制探析[J];心理科學進展;2015年10期

2 楊楠;葉卓爾;林依;高宏巍;黃平;林慧妍;許歡;馬軍朋;金花;;認知風格分型的神經基礎:靜息態(tài)fMRI研究[J];心理與行為研究;2015年03期

3 陳瀟;江琦;侯敏;朱夢音;;具身道德:道德心理學研究的新取向[J];心理發(fā)展與教育;2014年06期

4 殷融;葉浩生;;道德概念的黑白隱喻表征及其對道德認知的影響[J];心理學報;2014年09期

5 李繼波;黃希庭;;時間與幸福的關系:基于跟金錢與幸福關系的比較[J];西南大學學報(社會科學版);2013年01期

6 彭新波;高華;;時間壓力與決策[J];寧波大學學報(教育科學版);2011年03期

7 王大偉;;決策制定過程中的時間壓力效應[J];心理研究;2009年06期

8 陳軍;;歸因風格、時間壓力對決策信息加工的影響[J];心理科學;2009年06期

9 劉金平;李紅鋒;;時間壓力下的決策策略和決策理論[J];河南大學學報(社會科學版);2008年06期

10 楊艷;劉虹;;不同認知風格者決策偏向的研究[J];湖南文理學院學報(社會科學版);2008年02期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 初玉霞;任務特點、認知風格對情緒與創(chuàng)造表現(xiàn)關系的影響[D];山東師范大學;2011年

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 張杰;金錢概念啟動對道德判斷的影響[D];湖南師范大學;2014年

2 鄧康樂;消極情緒對道德判斷影響的實驗研究[D];福建師范大學;2012年

，

本文編號：1660148