本文選題：漢族高中生　切入點(diǎn)：維吾爾族高中生　出處：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：圖形推理是一種知覺比例的類比推理,以圖形為材料來(lái)研究個(gè)體的推理能力。圖形材料不同于語(yǔ)詞材料,因而兩種推理材料的內(nèi)部加工過程必將有很大差別。從一系列基本的幾何圖形中找出圖形變化的規(guī)律,并能對(duì)推理的過程進(jìn)行清晰的感知和理解,能夠反映出思維發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)。以往研究表明:不同民族學(xué)生之間的圖形推理的發(fā)展階段具有一致性,但發(fā)展水平差異顯著。本研究試圖探討在新疆的多元文化背景下,漢族和維吾爾族高中生在圖形推理能力發(fā)展過程中的一致和差異性,并通過眼動(dòng)儀進(jìn)一步揭示兩者在圖形推理過程中,內(nèi)在的加工機(jī)制,從而深入分析不同民族圖形推理能力發(fā)展水平差異來(lái)源。研究選取92名漢族和維吾爾族高中生為被試,采用《瑞文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推理測(cè)驗(yàn)》為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,將測(cè)驗(yàn)題目分為五個(gè)維度,對(duì)漢族和維吾爾族高中生的圖形推理能力進(jìn)行比較研究。以SMI RED遙測(cè)式眼動(dòng)儀為研究工具,記錄被試在推理過程的眼動(dòng)軌跡及行為指標(biāo),深入探討不同民族圖形推理能力的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)及其眼動(dòng)特征。研究結(jié)果與前人的研究結(jié)果相一致,同時(shí)本研究認(rèn)為,漢族和維吾爾族高中生在圖形推理能力發(fā)展過程中存在差異,不同民族有不同維度的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)。研究結(jié)果顯示:1.高中階段的學(xué)生不斷完善圖形推理能力,表現(xiàn)為在圖形推理成績(jī)上出現(xiàn)了顯著的年齡差異,高年級(jí)學(xué)生的成績(jī)顯著高于低年級(jí)學(xué)生成績(jī)。2.兩個(gè)民族高中生圖形推理的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是一致的,總體表現(xiàn)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),解決推理問題時(shí)的正確率呈上升趨勢(shì)。3.高一年級(jí)中兩個(gè)民族的高中生在格式塔、元素變化和圖形加減三個(gè)維度的推理任務(wù)中民族差異顯著,維族學(xué)生在圖形加減維度的圖形推理能力的發(fā)展上具有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì),通過興趣區(qū)的眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)表明,漢族和維吾爾族高中生在完成推理任務(wù)時(shí)傾向使用的推理策略不同。4.高二年級(jí)中兩個(gè)民族的高中生在圖形加減維度的推理任務(wù)中民族差異顯著,漢族學(xué)生在該維度的發(fā)展水平超過了維吾爾族學(xué)生。高三年級(jí)五個(gè)維度民族差異均不顯著,說明漢族和維吾爾族高中生在高中階段后期,推理能力各個(gè)維度的發(fā)展趨于一致。
[Abstract]:Graphic reasoning is a kind of perceptual proportional analogical reasoning, in which the reasoning ability of individuals is studied by using figure as the material. The graphic material is different from the lexical material. Therefore, the internal processing process of the two kinds of reasoning materials will be very different. From a series of basic geometric figures, we can find out the rules of figure change, and can clearly perceive and understand the process of reasoning. It can reflect the characteristics of thinking development. Previous studies have shown that the development stage of graphic reasoning among students of different nationalities is consistent, but there are significant differences in development level. Han and Uygur high school students in the development of graphics reasoning ability in the process of consistency and difference, and through eye movement instrument to further reveal the two in the graphics reasoning process, the inherent processing mechanism, The study selected 92 high school students of Han nationality and Uygur nationality as subjects, and used the Standard reasoning Test of Raven as the experimental material, and divided the test questions into five dimensions. A comparative study was made on the graphics reasoning ability of Han and Uygur high school students. The eye movement trajectory and behavior index of the subjects were recorded by using SMI RED telemetry eye movement instrument as the research tool. The development characteristics and eye movement characteristics of graphic reasoning ability of different nationalities are discussed in depth. The results are consistent with those of previous studies. At the same time, this study holds that there are differences in the development of graphics reasoning ability between Han and Uygur high school students. Different ethnic groups have different development advantages in different dimensions. The results of the study show that the students in senior high school constantly improve their ability of drawing reasoning, which shows that there are significant age differences in the scores of graphic reasoning. The scores of senior students are significantly higher than those of junior students. 2. The development trend of graph reasoning of the two ethnic high school students is consistent, and the overall performance increases with age. The correct rate of solving reasoning problem is on the rise. 3. In the three dimensions of gestalt, element change and figure addition and subtraction, there are significant differences between senior high school students and senior high school students in the three dimensions of gestalt, element change and figure addition and subtraction. Uyghur students have some advantages in the development of graphic reasoning ability in the dimension of graphic addition and subtraction, which is indicated by the eye movement index in the area of interest. The high school students of Han and Uygur tend to use different reasoning strategies when they finish their reasoning tasks. 4. The senior middle school students of the two ethnic groups in the second grade of senior high school have significant differences in the reasoning tasks in the dimension of graph addition and subtraction. The development level of Han students in this dimension is higher than that of Uygur students. The differences of the five dimensions of senior high school students are not significant, which indicates that the development of reasoning ability of Han and Uygur high school students in the later stage of senior high school tends to be consistent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842.2

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