本文關(guān)鍵詞： 預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì) 中央執(zhí)行功能 雙向干擾效應(yīng)　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：時(shí)間是物質(zhì)的基本屬性，時(shí)距估計(jì)對(duì)人類生存和適應(yīng)環(huán)境起著重要的作用。擴(kuò)展的資源分配理論認(rèn)為時(shí)距估計(jì)主要受到注意和工作記憶的影響，雙任務(wù)范式下的時(shí)距估計(jì)會(huì)與執(zhí)行加工水平的非時(shí)間任務(wù)產(chǎn)生雙向干擾效應(yīng)，說(shuō)明時(shí)距估計(jì)需要中央執(zhí)行功能的參與。Miyake等人（2000）認(rèn)為中央執(zhí)行功能存在三種相對(duì)獨(dú)立的子功能，即轉(zhuǎn)換功能，抑制功能和刷新功能。轉(zhuǎn)換功能是指多任務(wù)或認(rèn)知操作中，注意焦點(diǎn)的在多種任務(wù)或認(rèn)知操作之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換的能力；抑制功能是一種基本的執(zhí)行控制成分，包括抑制優(yōu)勢(shì)反應(yīng)，，抑制自動(dòng)化反應(yīng)和抑制分心干擾；刷新功能是指人們根據(jù)需要不斷更新工作記憶里的內(nèi)容，在合適的時(shí)間用新信息取代無(wú)關(guān)的舊信息。國(guó)外關(guān)于預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì)和中央執(zhí)行功能的研究表明，不同的中央執(zhí)行子功能對(duì)預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì)的影響并不相同。因此，本研究將三種執(zhí)行子功能與預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì)結(jié)合起來(lái)，探討不同的執(zhí)行子功能與預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì)的關(guān)系，并進(jìn)一步考察它們對(duì)時(shí)距估計(jì)影響的程度。 兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)均使用三種執(zhí)行功能任務(wù)和兩種不同長(zhǎng)度的預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì)任務(wù)。執(zhí)行功能任務(wù)分別使用Local-Global任務(wù)（轉(zhuǎn)換功能任務(wù)），n-back任務(wù)（刷新功能任務(wù)），Stroop任務(wù)（抑制功能任務(wù)），3種任務(wù)在以往的研究中被認(rèn)為可以很好的反映各子功能的水平；預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì)任務(wù)采用2s和5s的時(shí)距生成任務(wù)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用雙任務(wù)范式，分別考察三種執(zhí)行子功能與兩種時(shí)距生成任務(wù)的干擾效應(yīng)。每一組被試都需要完成兩個(gè)單任務(wù)和一個(gè)雙任務(wù)，單任務(wù)包括執(zhí)行功能任務(wù)和時(shí)距生成任務(wù)，雙任務(wù)則是同時(shí)完成兩個(gè)任務(wù)。通過(guò)比較單雙任務(wù)條件下執(zhí)行功能任務(wù)和時(shí)距生成任務(wù)的表現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)三項(xiàng)執(zhí)行功能任務(wù)與時(shí)距生成任務(wù)都出現(xiàn)了雙向干擾，也就是說(shuō)三種執(zhí)行子功能（轉(zhuǎn)換、抑制和刷新）與預(yù)期式時(shí)距加工分別競(jìng)爭(zhēng)特定的執(zhí)行資源。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)，所有被試都需要完成三種執(zhí)行功能任務(wù)和兩種時(shí)距生成任務(wù)，實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采用結(jié)構(gòu)方程的方法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果表明預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性主要受到刷新功能的調(diào)節(jié)；長(zhǎng)時(shí)距估計(jì)的變異性主要受到抑制功能的調(diào)節(jié)，短時(shí)距估計(jì)的變異性主要受到刷新功能的調(diào)節(jié)；轉(zhuǎn)換功能對(duì)預(yù)期式時(shí)距估計(jì)的影響較小。 以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明，三種執(zhí)行子功能對(duì)預(yù)期式短時(shí)距加工和長(zhǎng)時(shí)距加工的作用不同，短時(shí)距加工主要受到刷新功能的調(diào)節(jié)，而長(zhǎng)時(shí)距加工受到刷新和抑制功能的共同調(diào)節(jié)，本研究也支持了時(shí)距加工的差異機(jī)制假設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Time is the basic attribute of matter, and time estimation plays an important role in human survival and adaptation to the environment. The extended theory of resource allocation holds that time interval estimation is mainly affected by attention and working memory. The time interval estimation under the two-task paradigm will have a two-way interference effect with the non-time task at the processing level, which indicates that the time interval estimation needs the participation of the central executive function. Miyake et al. 2000) think that there are three relatively independent sub-functions of the central executive function. The conversion function refers to the ability to change the focus of attention between tasks or cognitive operations in multitasking or cognitive operations, and the inhibitory function is a basic executive control component. This includes suppressing dominant responses, suppressing automated responses, and suppressing distractions; refresh means that people constantly update their working memory as needed. At the appropriate time, new information is used to replace the old independent information. Foreign studies on the expected time interval estimation and central executive function show that different central executor functions have different effects on the expected time interval estimation. In this study, three kinds of executor functions are combined with the expected time-distance estimation, and the relationship between the different executor functions and the expected time-distance estimation is discussed, and the extent of their influence on the time-distance estimation is further investigated. The two experiments used three kinds of functional tasks and two kinds of expected time interval estimation tasks of different lengths. The functional tasks were executed using the Local-Global task (conversion function task / n-back task). Functional tasks / tasks are considered to reflect the level of each subfunction in previous studies; 2 s and 5 s are used to generate the expected time interval. In experiment 1, the interference effects of three kinds of executor functions and two kinds of time-space generation tasks were investigated by using two-task paradigm. Each group of subjects was required to complete two single-task and one double-task. A single task consists of performing a functional task and a time interval generating task, while a dual task accomplishes two tasks at the same time.Through comparing the performance of the execution function task and the time interval generation task under the condition of single and double tasks, It is found that there is bidirectional interference between the three executive function tasks and the time interval generation tasks, that is to say, the three executive sub-functions (conversion, suppression and refresh) compete with the expected time interval processing for specific execution resources respectively. Experiment 2 was designed within the subjects. All the subjects were required to complete three kinds of executive function tasks and two kinds of time interval generation tasks. The results show that the accuracy of expected time interval estimation is mainly regulated by refresh function, and the variation of long time interval estimation is mainly regulated by suppression function. The variability of short time interval estimation is mainly regulated by the refresh function, and the change function has little effect on the expected time interval estimation. The results show that the three kinds of executor functions have different effects on the expected short-time processing and the long-time distance machining. The short-time processing is mainly regulated by the refresh function, while the long-time processing is regulated by the refresh and suppression functions. This study also supports the hypothesis of differential mechanism of time-distance processing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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