發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-21 09:53

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 心理學(xué)解釋 銜接問題 人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 表征 鏡像神經(jīng)元　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：基于心理學(xué)哲學(xué)視角,進(jìn)行心理學(xué)解釋問題的研究對(duì)心理學(xué)解釋學(xué)的發(fā)展具有重大的引導(dǎo)作用,關(guān)乎作為科學(xué)解釋之一的心理學(xué)解釋的合理性判定,對(duì)心理學(xué)范疇內(nèi)概念的理解及思考具有重大的哲學(xué)意義,有助于對(duì)作為日常行為解釋手段的常識(shí)心理學(xué)的合理性疑問的澄清,更有益于整個(gè)心理學(xué)研究體系的統(tǒng)一。但是國(guó)內(nèi)針對(duì)心理學(xué)解釋問題進(jìn)行哲學(xué)專業(yè)性研究的相對(duì)較少。本論文的目的就是對(duì)心理學(xué)解釋的概念問題、范疇問題、銜接問題,以及實(shí)現(xiàn)者和角色之間關(guān)系問題予以全面的哲學(xué)分析,由此來揭示心理學(xué)解釋問題的本質(zhì)。論文總體包括引言、五大章的系統(tǒng)性論述以及結(jié)束語(yǔ)。第一章,心理學(xué)解釋問題的緣起。本章首先介紹心理學(xué)四大歷史形態(tài),說明了心理學(xué)涉及領(lǐng)域之廣,內(nèi)容之復(fù)雜。其次將當(dāng)代心理學(xué)研究對(duì)象劃分為日常生活領(lǐng)域的行為預(yù)測(cè),以及對(duì)具體科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象研究這兩類。盡管這兩類看似相差甚遠(yuǎn),但都屬于心理學(xué)解釋的對(duì)象,而且二者皆符合心理學(xué)解釋概念-簇的要求。最后基于多樣性、對(duì)象復(fù)雜性和主觀意向性三個(gè)方面分析心理學(xué)解釋的自主性。第二章,心理學(xué)解釋的相關(guān)概念范疇及銜接問題。本章的主要目的是確立與心理學(xué)解釋相關(guān)的概念及其范疇,從而理清各種問題在哲學(xué)層面的探討對(duì)象。此章分為三部分,第一部分從三個(gè)角度明確心理學(xué)解釋問題的必然性,這種必然性源自于常識(shí)心理學(xué)獨(dú)特地位、不同學(xué)科心理現(xiàn)象解釋之間的不可通約性以及“心-心”問題。第二部分從與常識(shí)心理學(xué)相關(guān)的四個(gè)方面加以探討,以便為之后亞人層次心理學(xué)解釋的實(shí)現(xiàn)做好準(zhǔn)備。第三部分正式提出銜接問題,要明確的是銜接問題是心理學(xué)解釋的核心問題,通過哲學(xué)層面的不斷抽象化,可概述為個(gè)人層次常識(shí)心理學(xué)解釋和亞人層次其他心理學(xué)解釋的融合問題。第三章,心理學(xué)解釋銜接問題的解決方案及其困境。自主心靈觀點(diǎn)、功能心靈觀點(diǎn)、表征心靈觀點(diǎn)和神經(jīng)計(jì)算心靈觀點(diǎn)恰好構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的研究范疇,從堅(jiān)持唯一性和不可還原性的自主觀點(diǎn)到取消主義的神經(jīng)計(jì)算觀點(diǎn),形成一個(gè)逐級(jí)還原的范疇。在這個(gè)范疇內(nèi),基于每種心靈觀點(diǎn)基本理論的前提,同一種心靈觀點(diǎn)又存在不同的主張:丹尼特的“個(gè)體同一性”觀點(diǎn)、戴維森的“無律則一元論”、霍恩斯比的“待解釋物”、劉易斯的“心靈還原論”、古利克的“目的性向?qū)А�、福多的“�?nèi)部思維語(yǔ)言”假說、雷伊的“理性”思考,以及丘奇蘭德和謝諾沃斯基的“協(xié)同進(jìn)化”理論。第四章,心理學(xué)解釋方案的融合建構(gòu)。本章主要討論了命題態(tài)度實(shí)現(xiàn)的困境、命題態(tài)度的媒介及內(nèi)容、基于人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建構(gòu)命題態(tài)度的探討三個(gè)部分。這三部分一脈相承,前后內(nèi)容具有明顯的邏輯性,這一章的目的是基于表征路徑,再次嘗試在人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)命題態(tài)度。因?yàn)槊}態(tài)度具有結(jié)構(gòu)化屬性,句法層面的符號(hào)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義,而這一點(diǎn)恰恰是普通人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)所欠缺的。普通人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是連續(xù)性符號(hào),不存在結(jié)構(gòu)化,所以鑒于命題態(tài)度的特性,利用斯莫倫斯基的張量積框架比較成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了命題態(tài)度的角色。但是依然存在人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能性結(jié)構(gòu)和系統(tǒng)性受限的問題。第五章,心理學(xué)解釋的重構(gòu):一種新嘗試。本章作為最后一章,從解決銜接問題的方法論上改變表征一試到底的做法,轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)制性解釋。通過具體分析,我們可以確定命題態(tài)度沒有如期預(yù)料那般具有廣泛的解釋效力。面對(duì)這種情況,通過當(dāng)下神經(jīng)科學(xué)發(fā)展巨大成就之一的鏡像神經(jīng)元理論和定義語(yǔ)言角色的重新布線假說來繞開命題態(tài)度,對(duì)意向性建模的可行性進(jìn)行探討。意向性建模的嘗試不是為了徹底離開表征解釋,而是通過兩種解釋方式的交流達(dá)到對(duì)命題態(tài)度的真正實(shí)現(xiàn)。結(jié)束語(yǔ)既對(duì)前文進(jìn)行了概括性總結(jié),又對(duì)心理學(xué)解釋可能面對(duì)的境況進(jìn)行了分析:一是包含命題態(tài)度的核心認(rèn)知進(jìn)程與包括模塊機(jī)制的次要認(rèn)知進(jìn)程在解釋和預(yù)測(cè)行為上同時(shí)發(fā)揮作用;二是根據(jù)當(dāng)下人工智能水平的預(yù)期,從哲學(xué)角度對(duì)自主體的概念進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建表征模型或發(fā)現(xiàn)新的機(jī)制很有啟發(fā)意義。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of philosophy of psychology, psychology of interpretation has a great leading role in the development of psychology problems of hermeneutics, as a science about interpretation of psychology has great significance of philosophical rationality judgment, understanding and thinking of the concept in the field of psychology, helps to explain the rationality of daily behavior as a means of commonsense psychology question the clarification, more unity in the study of psychology system. Aiming at the problem of interpretation but relatively few domestic professional psychology research philosophy. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the concept, psychological issues, and the relationship between cohesion, and role to a comprehensive analysis of philosophy, thus to reveal the nature explain the problem of psychology. The overall five chapters including the introduction, the systematic discussion and conclusion. The first chapter, psychology to explain the origin of the problem. This chapter first introduces four historical patterns of psychology, psychology that involves a wide range of areas, the content of the complex. The research object is divided into the prediction of contemporary psychology in the field of daily life, and for the specific object of study of these two kinds of scientific experiments. Although these two kinds of seemingly very different well, they all belong to the object of psychological interpretation, and all two conforms to the psychology explain the concept of cluster requirements. Finally based on the analysis of diversity, autonomy of psychology to explain aspects of three object complexity and subjective intention. In the second chapter, the related concepts and convergence problems. Psychological explanation of the main purpose of this chapter is to establish and explain the concept and category of psychology related, to clarify the various problems in the study of philosophical object. This chapter is divided into three parts, the first part from three angles of clear heart The necessity of science to explain the problem, the necessity from the unique position of commonsense psychology, between different disciplines explain the psychological phenomenon of incommensurability and "heart - heart problems. The second part discusses from four aspects related to commonsense psychology, so as to realize the sub level after the explanation of psychological preparation. The third part put forward the problem of convergence to explicit cohesion is the core problem of psychology, through the abstraction level of philosophy, can be summarized as the fusion problem of explaining the individual level of commonsense psychology and other psychology explain the Asian level. In the third chapter, psychology explain the solution convergence problems and difficulties. Independent soul view the function of the heart, mind and soul view view of neural representation calculation constitutes a complete research category, from adhering to the unique and can not be restored Independent viewpoint to liquidationism neural computing, a stepwise reduction category. In this category, the basic premise of theory based on the view of each soul, with a mind and view have different opinions: dennit "individual identity" point of view, Davidson's "no law monism" Hornsby, "to explain", Lewis's "heart of reductionism", Gulik's "objective guide", "internal Fodor's language of thought hypothesis, Rey's" rational "thinking, and Churchland and Xie Nuowosiji" co evolution "theory. The fourth chapter, the construction scheme of the psychological explanation of fusion. This chapter mainly discusses the realization of propositional attitude dilemma, media and content of propositional attitudes, three part discusses the construction of propositional attitude based on artificial neural network. The three part is the content of same, and The logic of the display, the purpose of this chapter is based on the characterization of path, try again to achieve propositional attitude in the artificial neural network in the field. Because of propositional attitude with structured attributes, syntactic semantic symbols can be realized, and this is precisely the general artificial neural network. The lack of common artificial neural network is a symbol of continuity so, there is no structured, given the propositional attitude characteristics, using the framework of Smolensky's tensor product successfully achieve propositional attitude role. But there are still artificial neural network functional structure and system of constrained problems. The fifth chapter, the reconstruction psychology explanation: a new attempt. This chapter is the last chapter. From the method of solving the problem of connecting the change characterization of a test in the end of practice, the steering mechanism is explained. Through detailed analysis, we can determine the propositional attitude is not scheduled to pre The material has wide interpretation effect. In this situation, the current neural rewiring hypothesis is one of the great achievements of the scientific development theory of mirror neurons and definition language role to circumvent the propositional attitude, this paper discusses the feasibility of intentionality modeling. Try not to intentional modeling completely left the characterization of explanation, but through the interpretation of the two the way to realize communication on propositional attitude. The conclusion is a summary of the preceding, and has carried on the analysis to the psychological explanation may face the situation: one is the minor cognitive processes include the core proposition of cognitive process and includes the module mechanism at the same time play a role in explaining and predicting the behavior; the two is based on the the current level of artificial intelligence is expected, analyzes the concept of self subject from a philosophical point of view, to further build or find new representation model The mechanism is very enlightening.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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