本文關(guān)鍵詞： 催產(chǎn)素 愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn) 神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：催產(chǎn)素是一種環(huán)狀九肽分子。一方面,它可以作為一種激素作用于外周神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),調(diào)節(jié)子宮收縮、刺激乳汁排出、促進(jìn)分娩等。另一方面,它還可以作為一種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)作用于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),調(diào)節(jié)人類多種社會(huì)性行為。決策是指對(duì)不同方案的利弊得失進(jìn)行權(quán)衡,對(duì)其主觀預(yù)期價(jià)值進(jìn)行評(píng)估,并最終做出選擇的過(guò)程。目前心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域關(guān)于催產(chǎn)素和決策的研究有很多,但這些研究主要集中在信任博弈、最后通牒任務(wù)、囚徒困境等社會(huì)互動(dòng)相關(guān)的決策行為上,而對(duì)于不涉及人際互動(dòng)的決策行為目前研究相對(duì)較少。本研究在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上試圖將催產(chǎn)素和不涉及人際互動(dòng)的決策行為結(jié)合起來(lái),通過(guò)三個(gè)研究來(lái)探討催產(chǎn)素對(duì)人們決策行為的影響及其背后的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)。研究一通過(guò)行為層面的研究,考察鼻噴催產(chǎn)素組的被試與安慰劑組的被試在愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)任務(wù)上行為表現(xiàn)的差異。研究二采用假連續(xù)式動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記成像技術(shù)對(duì)安慰劑組被試進(jìn)行核磁掃描,同時(shí)記錄ASL和BOLD兩種信號(hào)。通過(guò)分析同一掃描序列中兩種信號(hào)下被試愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)激活腦區(qū)的異同,探討使用ASL來(lái)進(jìn)行愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)試的f MRI實(shí)驗(yàn)是否具有可行性。研究三同樣通過(guò)腦成像的研究,考察催產(chǎn)素和安慰劑兩種不同條件下,被試在愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)上大腦激活的差異。研究一招募了34名西南大學(xué)健康男性志愿者,首先讓他們向鼻腔內(nèi)噴入催產(chǎn)素或安慰劑(此過(guò)程采用雙盲設(shè)計(jì),催產(chǎn)素組16名,安慰劑組18名)。隨后施測(cè)瑞文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推理測(cè)驗(yàn),時(shí)長(zhǎng)40分鐘。最后,讓參與者完成愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)任務(wù),時(shí)長(zhǎng)15分鐘。結(jié)果顯示,催產(chǎn)素組被試成績(jī)顯著優(yōu)于安慰劑組�；谄谕r(jià)模型的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),催產(chǎn)素組選擇一致性水平(c)顯著大于安慰劑組。研究二將研究一中噴射過(guò)安慰劑,完成瑞文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推理測(cè)驗(yàn)的18名被試作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)他們進(jìn)行核磁掃描。首先掃描靜息態(tài),然后掃描結(jié)構(gòu)像,最后讓被試在核磁共振掃描儀中進(jìn)行愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn),對(duì)這一決策過(guò)程進(jìn)行掃描。通過(guò)對(duì)同一掃描序列中兩種不同信號(hào)下(BOLD和ASL)被試愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)激活腦區(qū)的異同進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,ASL和BOLD在決策階段腦區(qū)激活相似,存在許多共同激活腦區(qū)。將這些共同激活腦區(qū)做成mask,分別提取每個(gè)mask里所有體素的平均激活強(qiáng)度值,將提取出來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)與行為數(shù)據(jù)做相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果表明,左側(cè)枕葉皮層和左側(cè)頂葉皮層兩個(gè)腦區(qū)的激活與實(shí)驗(yàn)第五階段愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)分?jǐn)?shù)之間存在顯著正相關(guān)。左側(cè)殼核腦區(qū)激活與實(shí)驗(yàn)第五階段和整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)全程愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)的分?jǐn)?shù)均存在顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),ASL的激活強(qiáng)度相對(duì)較低,BOLD激活強(qiáng)度較強(qiáng)。因此,在愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)的核磁研究中,采用BOLD信號(hào)來(lái)進(jìn)行掃描更加合適。基于研究二的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,研究三采用BOLD效應(yīng)f MRI進(jìn)行掃描。研究選取研究一中噴射過(guò)催產(chǎn)素,完成瑞文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推理測(cè)驗(yàn)的16名被試作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)他們進(jìn)行核磁掃描,掃描過(guò)程同研究二。結(jié)果顯示,在反饋早期階段,催產(chǎn)素組中央后回、前額葉、扣帶回、頂上小葉腦區(qū)的激活顯著大于安慰劑組;在整個(gè)決策階段,催產(chǎn)素組被試中央前回和中央后回的激活顯著大于安慰劑組;在整個(gè)反饋階段,催產(chǎn)素組額葉、頂上小葉、中央后回、旁扣帶回的激活顯著大于安慰劑組。在決策早期、決策晚期、反饋晚期三個(gè)階段,沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)顯著腦區(qū)激活差異。進(jìn)一步將未校正的結(jié)果提取出來(lái)分析,統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果采用基于高斯隨機(jī)場(chǎng)的團(tuán)塊校正法,團(tuán)塊生成的閾限值為Z2.0,團(tuán)塊校正的p值設(shè)置為0.05,FWE校正。校正后發(fā)現(xiàn)四個(gè)腦區(qū)激活:右側(cè)舌回、左側(cè)前額葉、右側(cè)前額葉、右側(cè)中央前后回。將這些激活腦區(qū)做成mask,分別提取每個(gè)mask里所有體素的平均激活強(qiáng)度值,將提取出來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)與行為數(shù)據(jù)做相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果表明,前額葉腦區(qū)和右側(cè)中央前后回激活與催產(chǎn)素組被試選擇CD紙牌的比例存在顯著正相關(guān),與AB兩組紙牌的選擇比例存在顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。而與安慰劑組被試的選擇不存在明顯相關(guān)關(guān)系。由此可以推斷,催產(chǎn)素組被試愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)成績(jī)優(yōu)于安慰劑組,可能的機(jī)制是催產(chǎn)素增強(qiáng)了被試前額葉腦區(qū)的激活。綜合上述三個(gè)研究結(jié)果,得出結(jié)論:鼻噴催產(chǎn)素會(huì)增強(qiáng)個(gè)體前額葉腦區(qū)的激活,使得個(gè)體在愛(ài)荷華賭博測(cè)驗(yàn)上決策能力提高。
[Abstract]:Oxytocin is a ring of nine peptide molecules. On the one hand, it can be used as a hormone in the peripheral nervous system, regulate uterine contraction, stimulate milk discharge, promote childbirth. On the other hand, it can also serve as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, regulating human various social behavior. Decision making refers to the advantages and disadvantages of different schemes are weighed to evaluate the subjective expected value, and make the final choice. At present, the field of psychology on oxytocin and decision research are many, but these studies mainly concentrated in the trust game, ultimatum game, prisoner's Dilemma and other social interaction related decision behavior. The decision behavior does not involve interpersonal interaction at present relatively little research. This study on the basis of previous studies to oxytocin and does not involve the interpersonal decision-making behavior together, through Three a study to explore the effect of oxytocin on people decision-making behavior and its underlying neural basis. A study by the behavioral research, investigation of nasal spray oxytocin group was tested with placebo differences between subjects behavior in the Iowa gambling task. Two test research using false continuous arterial spin labeling imaging in the placebo group were tested by MRI scans, while recording the ASL and BOLD two kinds of signals. Through the analysis of two kinds of similarities and differences in the same scan sequence signal under the Iowa gambling test brain activation, to investigate whether the f MRI experiment using ASL to test the feasibility of gambling in Iowa. On three through the same brain the imaging study, oxytocin and placebo in two different conditions, the subjects of brain activation in the Iowa gambling test. A study recruited 34 healthy male volunteers in Southwestern University First of all, let them into the nasal cavity injection of oxytocin or placebo (this process by double blind design, oxytocin group 16, 18 in the placebo group). Then measure Raven's standard progressive matrices, 40 minutes long. Finally, let the participants completed the Iowa gambling task, 15 minutes long. The results showed the oxytocin group, test results are significantly better than placebo group. Analysis of expectency model based on the discovery, the oxytocin group selection consistency level (c) was significantly higher than the placebo group. Two will study a placebo injection, complete the Raven standard reasoning test 18 subjects as the research object, magnetic scanning on them the first scan. Resting state, then scan like structure, finally let the participants of the Iowa gambling test in an MRI scanner, scan of a decision process. Based on the two different signal sequences under the same scanning (BOLD and A SL) is the Iowa gambling test brain activation differences were analyzed, results showed that ASL and BOLD in the decision-making stage of brain activation is similar, there are many common brain activation. These common brain activation made mask, mask extracted from each voxel mean activation intensity values, data and behavior data the extracted correlation analysis. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the left occipital cortex and left parietal cortex in two brain regions and experiment of the fifth stage of the Iowa gambling test scores. The activation of the left putamen brain regions and the fifth phase of the experiment and the whole experiment of Iowa gambling test scores were negatively related to further. Analysis found that the activation intensity of ASL is relatively low, the activation of BOLD strong strength. Therefore, in the study of gambling in Iowa nuclear test, more suitable for scanning using BOLD signals. Research results based on the two of three by BOLD effect of F MRI for scanning. A study in the injection of oxytocin, complete the Raven standard reasoning test 16 subjects as the research object, for an MRI scan on them, with two of the scanning process. The results showed that in the early stage of feedback, the oxytocin group Mae Uaba, postcentral gyrus, cingulate gyrus, superior parietal lobule activation of brain regions were significantly higher than those in the placebo group; in the decision-making stage, the oxytocin group subjects precentral activation was significantly greater than the placebo group; in the feedback stage, the oxytocin group frontal, parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus. Beside the cingulate activation was significantly greater than the placebo group. In early decision, decision feedback late, late three stages, found no significant difference activation of brain regions. The uncorrected results from statistical analysis, results based on Gauss With the mass correction of the airport, the threshold value of Z2.0 mass production, mass correction P correction FWE is set to 0.05. After the correction and found that activation of four brain regions: the right lingual gyrus, left prefrontal lobe, right prefrontal cortex, right before and after the central back. The activated brain region is made respectively from each mask mask all the average intensity of activation in value, data and behavior data will be extracted by correlation analysis. The results show that before and after the prefrontal brain regions and right back to the central activation and oxytocin were significantly positively related CD cards proportional selection, has significant negative correlation with the proportion of group AB two cards. There are obvious correlation with the placebo subjects. It can be inferred that the oxytocin group was the Iowa gambling test scores better than the placebo group, the possible mechanism of oxytocin enhanced subjects prefrontal brain regions activated. The above three findings conclude that nasal spray oxytocin can enhance the activation of prefrontal cortex and improve the decision-making ability of individuals in Iowa gambling test.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B845.1

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