【摘要】：1930年12月初,比利時(shí)境內(nèi)的馬斯河谷發(fā)生一起煙霧事件,旋即造成60余人死亡,牲畜、鳥和田鼠中也出現(xiàn)病情和死亡現(xiàn)象。"霧氣何能致人于死?"這一問題也曾困擾著比利時(shí)國內(nèi)外的人們。通過比利時(shí)專家委員會(huì)的調(diào)查以及其他國家學(xué)者和工作人員的研究,可知馬斯河谷煙霧成災(zāi)是人為排放和自然大霧共同作用的結(jié)果。由此可見,在工業(yè)文明的生產(chǎn)和生活狀態(tài)下,人為排放的廢氣累積到一定的閾值并超過一方之人和其他物種承受的限度,一旦天氣反常,遇逆溫或大霧以至空氣流動(dòng)不暢時(shí),"霧氣致人于死"或"人死畜亡"就在所難免。馬斯河谷煙霧事件被稱為一次"特大的"或"罕見的"自然試驗(yàn)。這一"試驗(yàn)"表明,資源集中和豐富的地區(qū)在作為工業(yè)發(fā)展基地的同時(shí),成為災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)。其所折射出老工業(yè)基地的環(huán)境和生命健康問題具有普遍性。今天敘述這一事件發(fā)生的經(jīng)過,探討工業(yè)化與環(huán)境污染及其危害之間的普遍聯(lián)系,以加深對工業(yè)化結(jié)果的理解,為當(dāng)下我們預(yù)防和治理空氣污染或霧霾問題提供歷史資鑒。
[Abstract]:In early December 1930, there was a smoke incident in the Mas River Valley in Belgium, which immediately killed more than 60 people, as well as illness and death in livestock, birds and voles. "how can fog kill people?" This problem has also troubled people at home and abroad in Belgium. Through the investigation of the Belgian Committee of experts and the research of scholars and staff from other countries, it can be seen that the smoke disaster in the Maas Valley is the result of the combination of man-made emissions and natural fog. It can be seen that in the production and living conditions of industrial civilization, the man-made exhaust gas accumulates to a certain threshold and exceeds the limit borne by one person and other species. Once the weather is abnormal, when the temperature or fog is not smooth, it is inevitable that "fog causes death" or "death of man, death and animal". The Maas Valley smoke event is called a "mega" or "rare" natural experiment. This experiment shows that the area with concentrated and rich resources has become a serious disaster area while serving as an industrial development base. It reflects the universality of environmental and life and health problems in the old industrial base. This paper describes the occurrence of this event today, and probes into the general relationship between industrialization and environmental pollution and its harm, so as to deepen the understanding of the results of industrialization and provide a historical reference for us to prevent and control air pollution or haze problems at present.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)歷史系;《光明日報(bào)》總編室;
【分類號】：X51;K564.52

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