羅馬共和時期的宗教與政治
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-05 10:18
【摘要】：羅馬的傳統(tǒng)多神教信仰有著十分悠久的歷史源頭,在拉丁民族的宗教的基礎(chǔ)上,還吸收了意大利其他民族(如伊達(dá)拉里亞人)的宗教和古希臘的宗教,在羅馬共和時期形成了完整的多神崇拜體系,擁有專屬的神職人員和相應(yīng)的宗教活動。羅馬共和時期的宗教包括公共生活的宗教與私人家庭生活的宗教。其中,主要的公共的宗教活動包括宗教節(jié)日慶典,對眾神的供奉和祈愿以及占卜和神諭活動。宗教慶典是羅馬最重要的公共活動,對眾神的供奉關(guān)系到人們對國家的信心,主持這類宗教慶典和對神的祭典是國家官員重要職責(zé),而任何國家重大事務(wù)都需要進(jìn)行占卜或是詢問神諭,否則就不具備合法性。由此可見,在共和時期,宗教并不只是和每個人私下的精神生活有關(guān),同時也和國家政治生活有著十分緊密的聯(lián)系。因此元老院和羅馬的貴族統(tǒng)治階級都十分重視宗教,他們始終控制著宗教權(quán)力,并且堅決捍衛(wèi)宗教的正統(tǒng)地位。這使得從第二次布匿戰(zhàn)爭之后,羅馬的政治和社會發(fā)生了深刻的變革,這些都影響到了宗教。神職人員和官員逐漸腐敗,并且怠慢其宗教職責(zé);外來文化和宗教對羅馬產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響,而貴族統(tǒng)治階級過分堅持宗教的傳統(tǒng)儀式導(dǎo)致羅馬宗教逐漸僵化,這些因素的不斷發(fā)展導(dǎo)致在在共和晚期羅馬宗教出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的信仰危機。而與此同時,羅馬社會的尖銳矛盾導(dǎo)致了不斷的內(nèi)部沖突,政治斗爭的雙方都利用宗教作為武器,這也影響了人們對宗教的虔誠。而產(chǎn)生了信仰危機的宗教也難以維持政治的穩(wěn)定,反而成為共和晚期政局混亂的原因之一。由此我們可以看出,羅馬共和時期的共和政治和羅馬宗教形成了相互依存的關(guān)系。一方面,宗教為共和政府提供合法性,并且維護著政治秩序的穩(wěn)定,而同時,因為宗教的重要性,以元老院和貴族統(tǒng)治階級也努力捍衛(wèi)羅馬宗教的統(tǒng)治地位。但是在共和晚期,由于宗教出現(xiàn)信仰危機,難以為為政治提供合法性的支持,而混亂的政治局面使得羅馬的貴族統(tǒng)治階級也無法捍衛(wèi)宗教的正統(tǒng)地位,反而互相加劇了彼此的危機局面,這一結(jié)局正是共和時期的宗教與政治緊密聯(lián)系的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The traditional polytheistic belief in Rome has a long history. On the basis of the religion of the Latin people, it also absorbs the religions of other Italian peoples (such as the Idararia) and the religions of ancient Greece. In the Roman Republican period, a complete polytheistic worship system was formed, with exclusive clergy and corresponding religious activities. The religions of the Roman Republican period included the religion of public life and the religion of private family life. Among them, the main public religious activities include religious festivals, worship and prayer to the gods, divination and oracle activities. Religious celebrations are the most important public activities in Rome, and the worship of the gods is related to people's confidence in the country. It is an important duty of state officials to preside over such religious celebrations and sacrifices to gods. Any country needs to divination or enquire about oracle, otherwise it will not have legitimacy. Thus it can be seen that during the Republican period, religion was not only related to everyone's private spiritual life, but also closely related to the political life of the country. Therefore, both the Senate and the aristocratic ruling class of Rome attach great importance to religion, they always control religious power, and firmly defend the orthodoxy of religion. This led to profound changes in Rome's politics and society since the second Punic War, all of which affected religion. (B) the gradual corruption of clergy and officials and the neglect of their religious duties; Foreign culture and religion had a profound influence on Rome, and the aristocratic ruling class's excessive adherence to the traditional ceremony of religion led to the gradual rigidity of Roman religion. The continuous development of these factors led to a serious crisis of belief in Roman religion in the late Republican period. At the same time, the sharp contradictions in Roman society led to continuous internal conflicts, and both sides of the political struggle used religion as a weapon, which also affected people's piety towards religion. The religion, which caused the crisis of belief, was difficult to maintain political stability, but became one of the reasons for the political chaos in the late Republican era. From this we can see that Republican politics and Roman religion during the Roman Republican period formed an interdependent relationship. On the one hand, religion provides legitimacy for the Republican government and maintains the stability of the political order. At the same time, because of the importance of religion, the Senate and aristocratic ruling class also strive to defend the dominance of Roman religion. But in the late Republic, because of the religious crisis of belief, it was difficult to provide legitimacy support for politics, and the chaotic political situation made it impossible for the aristocratic ruling class in Rome to defend the orthodoxy of religion. Instead, each other intensified each other's crisis, which was the result of the close connection between religion and politics during the Republican period.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K126
本文編號：2493458
[Abstract]:The traditional polytheistic belief in Rome has a long history. On the basis of the religion of the Latin people, it also absorbs the religions of other Italian peoples (such as the Idararia) and the religions of ancient Greece. In the Roman Republican period, a complete polytheistic worship system was formed, with exclusive clergy and corresponding religious activities. The religions of the Roman Republican period included the religion of public life and the religion of private family life. Among them, the main public religious activities include religious festivals, worship and prayer to the gods, divination and oracle activities. Religious celebrations are the most important public activities in Rome, and the worship of the gods is related to people's confidence in the country. It is an important duty of state officials to preside over such religious celebrations and sacrifices to gods. Any country needs to divination or enquire about oracle, otherwise it will not have legitimacy. Thus it can be seen that during the Republican period, religion was not only related to everyone's private spiritual life, but also closely related to the political life of the country. Therefore, both the Senate and the aristocratic ruling class of Rome attach great importance to religion, they always control religious power, and firmly defend the orthodoxy of religion. This led to profound changes in Rome's politics and society since the second Punic War, all of which affected religion. (B) the gradual corruption of clergy and officials and the neglect of their religious duties; Foreign culture and religion had a profound influence on Rome, and the aristocratic ruling class's excessive adherence to the traditional ceremony of religion led to the gradual rigidity of Roman religion. The continuous development of these factors led to a serious crisis of belief in Roman religion in the late Republican period. At the same time, the sharp contradictions in Roman society led to continuous internal conflicts, and both sides of the political struggle used religion as a weapon, which also affected people's piety towards religion. The religion, which caused the crisis of belief, was difficult to maintain political stability, but became one of the reasons for the political chaos in the late Republican era. From this we can see that Republican politics and Roman religion during the Roman Republican period formed an interdependent relationship. On the one hand, religion provides legitimacy for the Republican government and maintains the stability of the political order. At the same time, because of the importance of religion, the Senate and aristocratic ruling class also strive to defend the dominance of Roman religion. But in the late Republic, because of the religious crisis of belief, it was difficult to provide legitimacy support for politics, and the chaotic political situation made it impossible for the aristocratic ruling class in Rome to defend the orthodoxy of religion. Instead, each other intensified each other's crisis, which was the result of the close connection between religion and politics during the Republican period.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K126
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