【摘要】：埃及是中東地區(qū)最重要的國家之一,有著阿拉伯、非洲、伊斯蘭和發(fā)展國家的屬性。埃及在中東地區(qū)以穩(wěn)定著稱,但是長期執(zhí)政的穆巴拉克總統(tǒng)卻在群眾抗議中下臺�！耙弧ざ濉备锩陌l(fā)生有深刻的歷史背景,持續(xù)惡化的國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟狀況是穆巴拉克政府倒臺的重要原因之一。埃及中小企業(yè)發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展問題密切相關(guān),探究穆巴拉克時期埃及中小企業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r極具現(xiàn)實意義。 穆巴拉克時代是埃及中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期,經(jīng)歷了中小企業(yè)的興起和發(fā)展階段。埃及曾經(jīng)長期實行中央計劃經(jīng)濟體制和進口替代工業(yè)化的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,為此建立了大量的國有企業(yè),中小企業(yè)幾乎得不到發(fā)展。穆巴拉克在任期間,埃及經(jīng)濟經(jīng)歷了從計劃經(jīng)濟向市場經(jīng)濟,從國有經(jīng)濟向私有經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)變的過程,埃及中小企業(yè)正是在這一大背景下發(fā)展起來。穆巴拉克時期中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展大體上可以10年為一個階段,從1981年到1991年,穆巴拉克政府確定了把“消費型開放”變?yōu)椤吧a(chǎn)型開放”的總政策方針。在這些措施的刺激下,埃及中小企業(yè)在這一時期有了一定的發(fā)展。從1991年開始,穆巴拉克政府推行全面經(jīng)濟改革計劃,轉(zhuǎn)向以私營企業(yè)為主的市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,大量原國有企業(yè)員工失業(yè),社會不穩(wěn)定因素加劇,因而政府開始意識到中小企業(yè)在增加就業(yè)崗位、穩(wěn)定社會方面的重要作用,轉(zhuǎn)而開始實行扶持中小企業(yè)的態(tài)度。進入新世紀(jì)以來,中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的環(huán)境進一步改善,采取“出口導(dǎo)向”的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,力求融入全球經(jīng)濟。 埃及中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展并非是一帆風(fēng)順,具體而言,穆巴拉克時期埃及中小企業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的限制因素主要包括：長期計劃經(jīng)濟導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的官僚主義和行政壁壘；政府對中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的支持不足,且無法制定出有利于中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的政策；伊斯蘭教文化對生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營產(chǎn)生消極影響；不合理的補貼政策；受全球化和世界市場波動的影響；此外,國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟環(huán)境、法律制度等因素也在不同程度上影響埃及中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展。 但鑒于中小企業(yè)在埃及國民經(jīng)濟中扮演者不可替代的重要角色,穆巴拉克政府在多方面制定政策對其進行必要的扶持,如成立專門的政府組織、成立為中小企業(yè)發(fā)展提供服務(wù)的組織、成立會員組織等。經(jīng)過三十年的發(fā)展,中小企業(yè)已成為埃及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的中堅力量,是埃及企業(yè)中最具活力、最有創(chuàng)新意識和發(fā)展前景的企業(yè)群體,在國民經(jīng)濟中扮演十分重要的角色。 此外,發(fā)展中小企業(yè)是不僅是解決埃及諸多經(jīng)濟和社會問題的關(guān)鍵。對日益升溫的中埃經(jīng)濟合作也產(chǎn)生重要啟示,隨著兩國經(jīng)濟合作形式越來越多樣化,合作的水平也不斷提高,埃及中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展迎來千載難逢的機遇。
[Abstract]:Egypt is one of the most important countries in the Middle East, with Arab, African, Islamic and developmental attributes. Egypt is known for its stability in the Middle East, but President Mubarak, who has long been in power, stepped down amid mass protests. One of the important reasons for Mubarak's government's downfall is the worsening domestic economic situation, which has a profound historical background. The development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises is closely related to economic development. It is of great practical significance to explore the development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises in Mubarak. Mubarak era is the key period of the development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises, experienced the rise and development stage of small and medium-sized enterprises. Egypt once carried out the economic development strategy of central planned economy system and import substitution industrialization for a long time, so a large number of state-owned enterprises were set up, and the small and medium-sized enterprises could hardly be developed. During Mubarak's tenure, Egyptian economy experienced the transition from planned economy to market economy, from state-owned economy to private economy, and it was under this background that Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises developed. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Mubarak period can be generally a period of 10 years. From 1981 to 1991, Mubarak government decided on the general policy of turning "consumption-oriented opening" into "production-oriented opening-up". Under the stimulation of these measures, Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises have had a certain development in this period. Since 1991, Mubarak's government has carried out a comprehensive economic reform plan and shifted to a market economy development strategy dominated by private enterprises. A large number of former state-owned enterprises have lost their jobs and social instability has intensified. As a result, the government began to realize the important role of small and medium-sized enterprises in increasing employment and stabilizing society, and began to implement the attitude of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises. Since the beginning of the new century, the environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises has been further improved and the export-oriented development strategy has been adopted in an effort to integrate into the global economy. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Egypt is not smooth sailing. Specifically, the restrictive factors facing the development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises in Mubarak period mainly include: long-term planned economy leads to serious bureaucracy and administrative barriers; Government support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is insufficient and it is not possible to formulate policies conducive to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; Islamic culture has a negative impact on production and management; unreasonable subsidy policies; the impact of globalization and fluctuations in world markets; In addition, domestic economic environment, legal system and other factors also affect the development of Egyptian small and medium-sized enterprises in varying degrees. However, given the irreplaceable important role of small and medium-sized enterprises in Egypt's national economy, the Mubarak Government has formulated policies to support it in many aspects, such as the establishment of specialized government organizations. The establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises to provide services for the development of organizations, member organizations and so on. After 30 years of development, small and medium-sized enterprises have become the backbone of Egyptian economic development. They are the most dynamic, innovative and promising groups of enterprises in Egypt, and play a very important role in the national economy. In addition, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is not only the key to solving Egypt's many economic and social problems. As the forms of economic cooperation between the two countries become more and more diversified and the level of cooperation continues to improve, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Egypt is ushered in a rare opportunity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K411.5;F279.411

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本文編號：2470431