羅斯福政府到約翰遜政府時期美國老齡政策的歷史演變
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-06 22:11
【摘要】：本文根據(jù)時間線索,考察了羅斯福政府到約翰遜政府時期美國老齡政策的歷史演變。論文由前言、正文和結(jié)論三個部分組成。前言部分主要說明了老齡政策的定義、美國老齡政策建立前的老年保障發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、研究美國老齡政策發(fā)展的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義、國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀、論文的研究思路和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。正文分為三章。第一章探討了羅斯福時期現(xiàn)代老齡政策體系的初步建立。羅斯福上臺后,他將老齡政策作為新政改革政策的重要組成部分,1935年頒布了在美國老齡政策發(fā)展史上具有奠基性意義的社會保障法。1939年對其進(jìn)行了史上第一次重要的修訂。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,美國老齡政策的發(fā)展暫時處于停滯狀態(tài)。羅斯福政府時期開創(chuàng)的老齡政策具有深遠(yuǎn)的歷史意義,但還僅僅局限在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)。第二章探討了杜魯門和艾森豪威爾政府時期美國老齡政策體系的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。杜魯門的民主黨政府繼承并發(fā)展了羅斯福新政時期開創(chuàng)的現(xiàn)代老齡政策體系,頒布了1950年社會保障法修正案,隨后艾森豪威爾的共和黨政府也無法逆轉(zhuǎn)這一歷史趨勢,頒布了具有重要意義的1956年社會保障法修正案。此外,1950年召開的國家老齡會議和1961年召開的白宮老齡會議均對后來美國老齡政策的發(fā)展具有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。但受制于這一時期各種消極因素的影響,美國的老齡政策不僅在老年醫(yī)療保障政策的發(fā)展上遇到極大的阻力,而且所涉政策范圍還是僅僅局限在老年經(jīng)濟(jì)范疇,無法向更廣泛的領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展。第三章探討了肯尼迪和約翰遜政府時期美國老齡政策體系的完善。這一時期,一系列積極因素的出現(xiàn)為美國老齡政策的發(fā)展提供了前所未有的機(jī)遇。除了進(jìn)一步完善老年經(jīng)濟(jì)保障外,還突破了以往老齡政策僅僅停留在經(jīng)濟(jì)保障的范疇。其中1965年醫(yī)療照顧法案標(biāo)志著美國建立起老年醫(yī)療保障體制,1965年《美國老年人法》的頒布標(biāo)志著美國建立起為老社會服務(wù)體系,至此,羅斯福新政開創(chuàng)的現(xiàn)代老齡政策體系得以完善。結(jié)論部分對羅斯福到約翰遜政府時期老齡政策的發(fā)展歷程、背景及影響進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并歸納了這一時期老齡政策制定的主要特征。美國老齡政策體系的建立時間晚,建立后循序漸進(jìn)地向前發(fā)展。政策制定過程中十分講究策略性。在老齡政策的內(nèi)容制定上,美國特別強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)利和義務(wù)相掛鉤,對各個老年保險項(xiàng)目給付條件的規(guī)定十分嚴(yán)格,并且十分重視私營保險在老年保障領(lǐng)域的補(bǔ)充性作用。
[Abstract]:Based on the time clue, this paper examines the historical evolution of American policy on ageing from Roosevelt's administration to Johnson's administration. The thesis consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly explains the definition of the policy of the aged, the development of the security of the aged before the establishment of the policy of the aged in the United States, the theoretical and practical significance of studying the development of the policy of the aged in the United States, the research status at home and abroad, the research ideas and innovations of the thesis. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the establishment of the modern aging policy system in Roosevelt period. After Roosevelt came to power, he took the policy of the aged as an important part of the reform policy of the New deal. In 1935, he promulgated the Social Security Act, which had the fundamental significance in the history of the development of the policy of the aged in the United States, and revised it for the first time in the history of the reform of the New deal in 1939. During the second World War, the development of American policy on ageing was temporarily put to a standstill. The policy of ageing initiated during Roosevelt's administration was of far-reaching historical significance, but it was only confined to the economic sphere. The second chapter discusses the further development of American aging policy system during Truman and Eisenhower administration. Truman's Democratic government inherited and developed the modern aging policy system pioneered by Roosevelt's New deal, enacted amendments to the 1950 Social Security Act, and Eisenhower's Republican administration was unable to reverse this historical trend. An important amendment to the 1956 Social Security Act was promulgated. In addition, the National Assembly on ageing in 1950 and the White House Conference on ageing in 1961 had a profound impact on the development of American policy on ageing. However, under the influence of various negative factors during this period, the United States policy on ageing not only encountered great resistance to the development of the health care policy for the elderly, but also limited its policy scope to the economic scope of the elderly. Cannot be extended to a wider range of areas. The third chapter discusses the perfection of American aging policy system during Kennedy and Johnson administration. During this period, the emergence of a series of positive factors provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of American policy on ageing. In addition to further improving the economic security of the elderly, it also broke through the old policy of only staying in the scope of economic security. Among them, the 1965 Medical Care Act marked the establishment of the medical security system for the elderly in the United States, and the promulgation of the American elderly Act 1965 marked the establishment of the system of service for the elderly in the United States. Roosevelt's new deal created a modern policy system for the elderly to be perfected. The conclusion summarizes the development, background and influence of the policy of the aged from Roosevelt to Johnson, and sums up the main characteristics of the policy-making of the aged in this period. The American policy system on ageing was set up late, and developed gradually after it was established. The policy-making process is very strategic. In the formulation of the policy on ageing, the United States attaches great importance to the linking of rights and obligations, strictly regulates the conditions of payment of various old-age insurance projects, and attaches great importance to the complementary role of private insurance in the field of old-age security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K712.5
本文編號：2470536
[Abstract]:Based on the time clue, this paper examines the historical evolution of American policy on ageing from Roosevelt's administration to Johnson's administration. The thesis consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly explains the definition of the policy of the aged, the development of the security of the aged before the establishment of the policy of the aged in the United States, the theoretical and practical significance of studying the development of the policy of the aged in the United States, the research status at home and abroad, the research ideas and innovations of the thesis. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the establishment of the modern aging policy system in Roosevelt period. After Roosevelt came to power, he took the policy of the aged as an important part of the reform policy of the New deal. In 1935, he promulgated the Social Security Act, which had the fundamental significance in the history of the development of the policy of the aged in the United States, and revised it for the first time in the history of the reform of the New deal in 1939. During the second World War, the development of American policy on ageing was temporarily put to a standstill. The policy of ageing initiated during Roosevelt's administration was of far-reaching historical significance, but it was only confined to the economic sphere. The second chapter discusses the further development of American aging policy system during Truman and Eisenhower administration. Truman's Democratic government inherited and developed the modern aging policy system pioneered by Roosevelt's New deal, enacted amendments to the 1950 Social Security Act, and Eisenhower's Republican administration was unable to reverse this historical trend. An important amendment to the 1956 Social Security Act was promulgated. In addition, the National Assembly on ageing in 1950 and the White House Conference on ageing in 1961 had a profound impact on the development of American policy on ageing. However, under the influence of various negative factors during this period, the United States policy on ageing not only encountered great resistance to the development of the health care policy for the elderly, but also limited its policy scope to the economic scope of the elderly. Cannot be extended to a wider range of areas. The third chapter discusses the perfection of American aging policy system during Kennedy and Johnson administration. During this period, the emergence of a series of positive factors provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of American policy on ageing. In addition to further improving the economic security of the elderly, it also broke through the old policy of only staying in the scope of economic security. Among them, the 1965 Medical Care Act marked the establishment of the medical security system for the elderly in the United States, and the promulgation of the American elderly Act 1965 marked the establishment of the system of service for the elderly in the United States. Roosevelt's new deal created a modern policy system for the elderly to be perfected. The conclusion summarizes the development, background and influence of the policy of the aged from Roosevelt to Johnson, and sums up the main characteristics of the policy-making of the aged in this period. The American policy system on ageing was set up late, and developed gradually after it was established. The policy-making process is very strategic. In the formulation of the policy on ageing, the United States attaches great importance to the linking of rights and obligations, strictly regulates the conditions of payment of various old-age insurance projects, and attaches great importance to the complementary role of private insurance in the field of old-age security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K712.5
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 劉懷洲,張存剛;美國財政與貨幣政策實(shí)踐的歷史考察及啟示[J];甘肅社會科學(xué);2001年01期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 馬樂樂;美國老年醫(yī)療照顧政策（1965）的形成及影響[D];蘇州大學(xué);2007年
，本文編號：2470536
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2470536.html
最近更新
教材專著
