【摘要】： 自古以來埃及就同亞洲的敘利亞和巴勒斯坦地區(qū)有著密切的聯(lián)系,到第二中間期(公元前1786-前1567)埃及人在驅(qū)逐喜克索斯人的過程中逐漸把勢(shì)力滲入到這一地區(qū),到第18王朝(公元前1567-前1320)圖特摩斯三世時(shí),帝國(guó)統(tǒng)治達(dá)到了極致。但是在18王朝末期,這種優(yōu)勢(shì)受到了剛剛崛起的赫梯王國(guó)的威脅,赫梯是世界上最早使用鐵器的民族,因此很快取代米坦尼并占領(lǐng)了它在西亞的領(lǐng)地,把觸角伸到了埃及統(tǒng)治的敘利亞和巴勒斯坦地區(qū),直接同埃及爭(zhēng)奪這一地區(qū)。公元前1312年,埃及第19王朝(公元前1320-前1200)法老拉美西斯二世和赫梯新王國(guó)穆瓦塔爾為了爭(zhēng)奪敘利亞和巴勒斯坦的勢(shì)力范圍而發(fā)生的歷史上一次規(guī)模巨大的戰(zhàn)車之戰(zhàn)。這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役雙方都進(jìn)行了充分的戰(zhàn)前準(zhǔn)備,由于拉美西斯二世中了赫梯提前做好的埋伏,致使埃及軍隊(duì)陷入對(duì)方包圍之中,被赫梯軍隊(duì)各個(gè)擊破,直到埃及援軍及時(shí)趕來才解了拉美西斯二世之圍。后來雙方為爭(zhēng)奪敘利亞和巴勒斯坦地區(qū)又進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)16年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),在拉美西斯二世統(tǒng)治的第21年(公元前1283)同赫梯國(guó)王哈吐什里三世(公元前1290-前1260)簽訂了世界歷史上第一個(gè)保存完整的國(guó)際停戰(zhàn)條約即《銀板和約》,和約包括了永久和平、互不侵犯、軍事同盟、引渡政治犯等條款。和約簽訂的50年里,埃及同赫梯之間維持了長(zhǎng)久的友好和平,整個(gè)近東地區(qū)一直處于和平穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。不僅如此,《銀板和約》也為日后和平解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端起了借鑒作用,成為國(guó)際和平條約的一個(gè)范本。
[Abstract]:Egypt has had close ties with Syria and Palestine in Asia since ancient times, and by the second middle period (1786-1567 BC) the Egyptians gradually infiltrated the region in the process of expelling the Heksos. By the 18th dynasty (1567-1320 B.C.) Tutmus III reached its peak. But at the end of the 18th dynasty, this advantage was threatened by the rising kingdom of Hittit, the world's first nation to use iron, so it soon replaced Mitani and occupied its territory in West Asia. Extended the antennae into Egypt-ruled Syria and Palestine, competing directly with Egypt for the region. In 1312 B.C., Egypt's 19th dynasty (1320-1200 BC) Pharaoh Ramses II and the new kingdom of Egypt Mouattar fought for the Syrian and Palestinian spheres of influence in the history of a huge chariot battle. Both sides of the battle made adequate pre-war preparations. As a result of the advance ambush by Hercules II in Ramses II, the Egyptian army fell into the siege of each other and was broken by each of the Hittists. It was not until the Egyptian reinforcements arrived in time that the siege of Ramses II was solved. Then there was another 16-year war between the two sides over Syria and Palestine. In the 21st year of Ramses II's reign (1283 B.C.), he signed the first complete international armistice treaty in the history of the world with King Hatushli III (1290-1260 BC), the Silver Peace Treaty, The treaty includes provisions for permanent peace, non-aggression, military alliances, and extradition of political prisoners. In the 50 years since the treaty was signed, Egypt and Hittit have maintained a long-standing peace and peace, and the whole of the near East has been in a state of peace and stability. Moreover, the Silver Peace Treaty has also served as a reference for the peaceful settlement of international disputes in the future, and has become a model of international peace treaties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K12

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