【摘要】： 本文以現(xiàn)存的葬禮演說為基本史料，分析了葬禮演說中所建構(gòu)的雅典城邦認(rèn)同，以及城邦認(rèn)同在不同情境下所發(fā)生的變化。 由于葬禮演說具有模式化、套路化的特點(diǎn)，所以各篇演說均選擇了共同的話題，建構(gòu)了一定時(shí)期內(nèi)恒久的穩(wěn)定的城邦認(rèn)同。這些共同話題包括對(duì)“土生土長(zhǎng)”傳說和故事的篤信；對(duì)城邦教育的自豪，對(duì)美德的崇尚，對(duì)勇敢精神的敬畏；對(duì)雅典民主制度的驕傲；雅典城邦對(duì)自由、正義的不懈追求。 同時(shí)，城邦認(rèn)同的建構(gòu)又是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的發(fā)展過程。在不同的歷史發(fā)展階段和不同的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)背景下，不同的演說家對(duì)城邦認(rèn)同的解讀也有所不同。伯里克利發(fā)表演說之時(shí)，正值雅典帝國(guó)鼎盛時(shí)期，所以他建構(gòu)城邦認(rèn)同的目的是為了展示城邦的偉大，說明雅典是“希臘的學(xué)�！保凳狙诺渫菩邪詸�(quán)主義政策是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)�；呂西亞斯和柏拉圖發(fā)表演說之時(shí)，雅典帝國(guó)崩潰，海上同盟解體，他們希望通過建構(gòu)和宣傳雅典城邦認(rèn)同，激發(fā)雅典公民抗擊斯巴達(dá)的決心和勇氣，恢復(fù)昔日雅典帝國(guó)主義雄風(fēng)；而德摩斯提尼和敘柏里戴斯發(fā)表演說之時(shí)，馬其頓成為希臘各邦的頭號(hào)威脅，他們?cè)谘菡f中著重建構(gòu)雅典追求正義、崇尚自由的城邦認(rèn)同，說明當(dāng)此混亂之時(shí)，雅典是有義務(wù)、有責(zé)任、有能力擔(dān)當(dāng)起希臘世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的角色的。 葬禮演說建構(gòu)雅典城邦認(rèn)同的同時(shí)也再現(xiàn)了雅典的歷史。但是，當(dāng)我們將葬禮演說中的歷史與公元前5至4世紀(jì)雅典的真實(shí)狀況進(jìn)行對(duì)照時(shí)，，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)二者并不能完全契合，甚至存在著相當(dāng)大的差異。葬禮演說所宣揚(yáng)的歷史并非雅典的本來面目。這種差異是由葬禮演說塑造公民價(jià)值觀、宣傳愛國(guó)主義、集體主義精神的功能決定的，是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)代特殊環(huán)境下的產(chǎn)物。葬禮演說反映了雅典人民心理訴求，那就是對(duì)帝國(guó)主義時(shí)代的自豪、懷念和期望。
[Abstract]:Based on the existing funeral speeches, this paper analyzes the Athens city-state identity constructed in the funeral speech and the changes of the city-state identity in different situations. Because the funeral speech has the characteristics of pattern and routine, all the speeches have chosen the same topic and constructed a constant and stable city-state identity for a certain period of time. These common topics include faith in "native" legends and stories; pride in city-state education, reverence of virtue, reverence of bravery; pride in Athens democracy; and the relentless pursuit of freedom and justice by the city-states of Athens. At the same time, the construction of city-state identity is a dynamic development process. Different speakers have different interpretations of city-state identity in different stages of historical development and in different backgrounds of war. Burickley's speech was at the height of the Athenian Empire, so his purpose of constructing the city-state identity was to show the greatness of the city-state, to show that Athens was a "Greek school", and to imply that Athens was right to pursue its hegemonist policy. When Lucias and Plato delivered their speeches, the Athenian Empire collapsed and the Maritime Alliance disintegrated. They hoped to inspire the determination and courage of the Athenian citizens to fight Spartan by constructing and publicizing the identity of the Athens city-states. To restore the old style of Athenian imperialism; When Demosthenes and Sypelides made their speeches, Macedonia became the number one threat to the Greek states. In their speeches, they focused on the construction of Athens' pursuit of justice and freedom of the city-state identity, which showed that Athens had an obligation to do so at a time of chaos. Responsible, capable of taking on the role of leader of the Greek world. The funeral speech also reproduces the history of Athens as well as the construction of Athens' city-state identity. However, when we compare the history of funeral speeches with the true state of Athens from the 5th to 4th century BC, we find that the two do not fully coincide, and there are even considerable differences between them. The history proclaimed in the funeral speech was not the true face of Athens. This difference is determined by the function of funeral speech in shaping citizens' values, promoting patriotism and collectivism, and is the product of the special circumstances of the war era. The funeral speech reflected the Athenian people's psychological aspirations: pride, nostalgia and expectation of the imperialist era.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K125

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