19世紀(jì)初期美國(guó)“和睦時(shí)代”研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-22 11:21
【摘要】： “和睦時(shí)代”是美國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)獨(dú)特的時(shí)代,這個(gè)時(shí)期主要包括詹姆斯·門羅任職總統(tǒng)的八年,即1817——1825年。這個(gè)時(shí)期的美國(guó)基本上不存在黨派政治,也不存在明顯的政治論戰(zhàn),美國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定、政治和諧,自獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來(lái)一直困擾美國(guó)人民的絕大多數(shù)問(wèn)題都沒有以前那樣嚴(yán)重了,大州和小州之間的互不信任大大減少,歐洲世界戰(zhàn)火紛飛的恐懼此時(shí)被安全地隔離在美國(guó)之外�？傊�,這個(gè)時(shí)代展現(xiàn)出來(lái)的是一種和平、繁榮和進(jìn)步的前景,正是美國(guó)的建國(guó)先輩們所夢(mèng)寐以求的,也是美國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的時(shí)代。 同時(shí),這個(gè)時(shí)代也是美國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的轉(zhuǎn)折期,它不僅關(guān)系到年輕共和國(guó)的鞏固與發(fā)展,也決定著美國(guó)政治思想的發(fā)展方向�！昂湍罆r(shí)代”之前,美國(guó)處于杰斐遜民主時(shí)代,而經(jīng)過(guò)“和睦時(shí)代”,美國(guó)則轉(zhuǎn)變到了杰克遜民主時(shí)代。“和睦時(shí)代”之前的政治思想是主張管理最少的政府是最好的政府,“和睦時(shí)代”之后則認(rèn)為能進(jìn)行強(qiáng)有力的政府干預(yù)維護(hù)弱勢(shì)群體利益的政府才是最好的政府。 總之,應(yīng)該正確看待“和睦時(shí)代”在美國(guó)歷史上的重要地位和作用,應(yīng)該從19世紀(jì)初的世界形勢(shì)和美國(guó)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r來(lái)定位該時(shí)代,既不能忽視這個(gè)時(shí)代,也不能過(guò)于把該時(shí)代的地位絕對(duì)化�；谝陨鲜聦�(shí)和思考,筆者在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,充分利用目前能找到的史料,結(jié)合所學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí),來(lái)解讀、闡釋該時(shí)代。 全文共分三大部分,即導(dǎo)言、正文和結(jié)語(yǔ)。 導(dǎo)言首先對(duì)“和睦時(shí)代”的大背景作了交代,就“和睦時(shí)代”在美國(guó)歷史上的時(shí)間范圍作了界定,并闡明了本文的研究意義和研究方法。其次,回顧和綜述本課題既有的研究成果,總結(jié)其研究的價(jià)值和不足。 第一章對(duì)“和睦時(shí)代”產(chǎn)生的歷史背景和社會(huì)原因進(jìn)行考察。首先是考察造就該時(shí)代的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)狀況。其次是分析該時(shí)代產(chǎn)生的政治背景。最后是探討門羅總統(tǒng)在開創(chuàng)這個(gè)時(shí)代中所作出的貢獻(xiàn)。 第二章對(duì)“和睦時(shí)代”的特征進(jìn)行分析。首先分析該時(shí)代在政治上的一黨制特征。其次分析該時(shí)代中美國(guó)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。最后考察該時(shí)代中美國(guó)對(duì)外政策的明顯特征。 第三章對(duì)“和睦時(shí)代”結(jié)束的原因進(jìn)行歷史考察。首先分析了當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)產(chǎn)生的地區(qū)沖突對(duì)該時(shí)代結(jié)束的影響。其次分析了奴隸制問(wèn)題帶來(lái)的爭(zhēng)論和紛爭(zhēng)對(duì)該時(shí)代結(jié)束的沖擊。再次分析了政治上黨派斗爭(zhēng)的復(fù)蘇和激化對(duì)該時(shí)代結(jié)束的影響。最后探討亞當(dāng)斯總統(tǒng)繼承門羅的衣缽后為何會(huì)加速了該時(shí)代的終結(jié)。 結(jié)語(yǔ)是對(duì)“和睦時(shí)代”的總結(jié),并就本文的主要觀點(diǎn)作概括說(shuō)明,指出該時(shí)代在美國(guó)政治思想史上的獨(dú)特地位及其對(duì)美國(guó)發(fā)展道路產(chǎn)生的歷史影響。
[Abstract]:The Age of rapprochement was a unique era in American history, including James Monroe's eight years as president, 1817-1825. In this period, there is basically no partisan politics in the United States, and there is no obvious political debate. The social and economic stability and political harmony in the United States are not as serious as before in most of the problems that have plagued the American people since the War of Independence. Mistrust between big and small states has been greatly reduced, and fears of world war in Europe have been safely isolated from the United States. In short, what this era shows is the prospect of peace, prosperity and progress, the dream of the founding fathers of the United States, and a unique era in the history of the United States. At the same time, this era is also a key turning point in the history of the United States, it is not only related to the consolidation and development of the young republic, but also determines the direction of the development of American political thought. Before the Age of Harmony, the United States was in the Jefferson era of democracy, and after the Age of Harmony, the United States transformed into the era of Jackson democracy. The political idea before the times of harmony is that the least managed government is the best one, and after the times of harmony, the government that can intervene strongly to safeguard the interests of the weak groups is the best government. In short, we should correctly view the important position and role of the "era of harmony" in the history of the United States, and should position the era from the world situation in the early 19th century and the development of the United States, and neither should we ignore this era. Nor should we overabsolutize the position of the era. Based on the above facts and thoughts, the author, on the basis of previous studies, makes full use of the historical materials that can be found at present, combined with the relevant knowledge learned, to interpret and explain the era. The full text is divided into three parts, namely the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction first explains the background of "harmonious times", defines the time range of "harmonious times" in American history, and clarifies the research significance and research methods of this paper. Secondly, review and summarize the existing research results of this topic, sum up the value and deficiency of its research. The first chapter examines the historical background and social causes of the era of rapprochement. The first is to examine the economic and social conditions in the United States that created the era. The second is to analyze the political background of this era. Finally, it explores the contribution that President Monroe has made in inaugurating this era. The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of the times of harmony. First of all, the political characteristics of the one-party system in this era are analyzed. Secondly, this paper analyzes the socio-economic situation of the United States in this era. Finally, we examine the obvious characteristics of American foreign policy in this era. The third chapter makes a historical investigation of the reasons for the end of the era of Harmony. First of all, the impact of the regional conflicts in the United States on the end of the era was analyzed. Secondly, it analyzes the impact of the arguments and disputes on the end of the era. Again, the impact of the revival and intensification of the political partisan struggle on the end of the era is analyzed. Finally, it explores why President Adams's succession to Monroe accelerated the end of the era. The conclusion is a summary of the era of rapprochement, and a summary of the main points in this paper, pointing out the unique position of the era in the history of American political thought and its historical influence on the development of the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712.4
本文編號(hào)：2445541
[Abstract]:The Age of rapprochement was a unique era in American history, including James Monroe's eight years as president, 1817-1825. In this period, there is basically no partisan politics in the United States, and there is no obvious political debate. The social and economic stability and political harmony in the United States are not as serious as before in most of the problems that have plagued the American people since the War of Independence. Mistrust between big and small states has been greatly reduced, and fears of world war in Europe have been safely isolated from the United States. In short, what this era shows is the prospect of peace, prosperity and progress, the dream of the founding fathers of the United States, and a unique era in the history of the United States. At the same time, this era is also a key turning point in the history of the United States, it is not only related to the consolidation and development of the young republic, but also determines the direction of the development of American political thought. Before the Age of Harmony, the United States was in the Jefferson era of democracy, and after the Age of Harmony, the United States transformed into the era of Jackson democracy. The political idea before the times of harmony is that the least managed government is the best one, and after the times of harmony, the government that can intervene strongly to safeguard the interests of the weak groups is the best government. In short, we should correctly view the important position and role of the "era of harmony" in the history of the United States, and should position the era from the world situation in the early 19th century and the development of the United States, and neither should we ignore this era. Nor should we overabsolutize the position of the era. Based on the above facts and thoughts, the author, on the basis of previous studies, makes full use of the historical materials that can be found at present, combined with the relevant knowledge learned, to interpret and explain the era. The full text is divided into three parts, namely the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction first explains the background of "harmonious times", defines the time range of "harmonious times" in American history, and clarifies the research significance and research methods of this paper. Secondly, review and summarize the existing research results of this topic, sum up the value and deficiency of its research. The first chapter examines the historical background and social causes of the era of rapprochement. The first is to examine the economic and social conditions in the United States that created the era. The second is to analyze the political background of this era. Finally, it explores the contribution that President Monroe has made in inaugurating this era. The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of the times of harmony. First of all, the political characteristics of the one-party system in this era are analyzed. Secondly, this paper analyzes the socio-economic situation of the United States in this era. Finally, we examine the obvious characteristics of American foreign policy in this era. The third chapter makes a historical investigation of the reasons for the end of the era of Harmony. First of all, the impact of the regional conflicts in the United States on the end of the era was analyzed. Secondly, it analyzes the impact of the arguments and disputes on the end of the era. Again, the impact of the revival and intensification of the political partisan struggle on the end of the era is analyzed. Finally, it explores why President Adams's succession to Monroe accelerated the end of the era. The conclusion is a summary of the era of rapprochement, and a summary of the main points in this paper, pointing out the unique position of the era in the history of American political thought and its historical influence on the development of the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712.4
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 宋濤;論馬丁·范布倫的政黨思想及實(shí)踐[D];山東大學(xué);2012年
2 葉兆琴;美國(guó)建國(guó)初期的政黨思想研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2445541
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2445541.html
最近更新
教材專著
