【摘要】： “和睦時代”是美國歷史上一個獨特的時代,這個時期主要包括詹姆斯·門羅任職總統(tǒng)的八年,即1817——1825年。這個時期的美國基本上不存在黨派政治,也不存在明顯的政治論戰(zhàn),美國社會經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定、政治和諧,自獨立戰(zhàn)爭以來一直困擾美國人民的絕大多數(shù)問題都沒有以前那樣嚴重了,大州和小州之間的互不信任大大減少,歐洲世界戰(zhàn)火紛飛的恐懼此時被安全地隔離在美國之外�？傊�,這個時代展現(xiàn)出來的是一種和平、繁榮和進步的前景,正是美國的建國先輩們所夢寐以求的,也是美國歷史上一個獨一無二的時代。 同時,這個時代也是美國歷史上一個關鍵的轉折期,它不僅關系到年輕共和國的鞏固與發(fā)展,也決定著美國政治思想的發(fā)展方向�！昂湍罆r代”之前,美國處于杰斐遜民主時代,而經(jīng)過“和睦時代”,美國則轉變到了杰克遜民主時代�！昂湍罆r代”之前的政治思想是主張管理最少的政府是最好的政府,“和睦時代”之后則認為能進行強有力的政府干預維護弱勢群體利益的政府才是最好的政府。 總之,應該正確看待“和睦時代”在美國歷史上的重要地位和作用,應該從19世紀初的世界形勢和美國的發(fā)展狀況來定位該時代,既不能忽視這個時代,也不能過于把該時代的地位絕對化�；谝陨鲜聦嵑退伎�,筆者在前人研究的基礎上,充分利用目前能找到的史料,結合所學的相關知識,來解讀、闡釋該時代。 全文共分三大部分,即導言、正文和結語。 導言首先對“和睦時代”的大背景作了交代,就“和睦時代”在美國歷史上的時間范圍作了界定,并闡明了本文的研究意義和研究方法。其次,回顧和綜述本課題既有的研究成果,總結其研究的價值和不足。 第一章對“和睦時代”產(chǎn)生的歷史背景和社會原因進行考察。首先是考察造就該時代的美國經(jīng)濟社會狀況。其次是分析該時代產(chǎn)生的政治背景。最后是探討門羅總統(tǒng)在開創(chuàng)這個時代中所作出的貢獻。 第二章對“和睦時代”的特征進行分析。首先分析該時代在政治上的一黨制特征。其次分析該時代中美國的社會經(jīng)濟狀況。最后考察該時代中美國對外政策的明顯特征。 第三章對“和睦時代”結束的原因進行歷史考察。首先分析了當時美國產(chǎn)生的地區(qū)沖突對該時代結束的影響。其次分析了奴隸制問題帶來的爭論和紛爭對該時代結束的沖擊。再次分析了政治上黨派斗爭的復蘇和激化對該時代結束的影響。最后探討亞當斯總統(tǒng)繼承門羅的衣缽后為何會加速了該時代的終結。 結語是對“和睦時代”的總結,并就本文的主要觀點作概括說明,指出該時代在美國政治思想史上的獨特地位及其對美國發(fā)展道路產(chǎn)生的歷史影響。
[Abstract]:The Age of rapprochement was a unique era in American history, including James Monroe's eight years as president, 1817-1825. In this period, there is basically no partisan politics in the United States, and there is no obvious political debate. The social and economic stability and political harmony in the United States are not as serious as before in most of the problems that have plagued the American people since the War of Independence. Mistrust between big and small states has been greatly reduced, and fears of world war in Europe have been safely isolated from the United States. In short, what this era shows is the prospect of peace, prosperity and progress, the dream of the founding fathers of the United States, and a unique era in the history of the United States. At the same time, this era is also a key turning point in the history of the United States, it is not only related to the consolidation and development of the young republic, but also determines the direction of the development of American political thought. Before the Age of Harmony, the United States was in the Jefferson era of democracy, and after the Age of Harmony, the United States transformed into the era of Jackson democracy. The political idea before the times of harmony is that the least managed government is the best one, and after the times of harmony, the government that can intervene strongly to safeguard the interests of the weak groups is the best government. In short, we should correctly view the important position and role of the "era of harmony" in the history of the United States, and should position the era from the world situation in the early 19th century and the development of the United States, and neither should we ignore this era. Nor should we overabsolutize the position of the era. Based on the above facts and thoughts, the author, on the basis of previous studies, makes full use of the historical materials that can be found at present, combined with the relevant knowledge learned, to interpret and explain the era. The full text is divided into three parts, namely the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction first explains the background of "harmonious times", defines the time range of "harmonious times" in American history, and clarifies the research significance and research methods of this paper. Secondly, review and summarize the existing research results of this topic, sum up the value and deficiency of its research. The first chapter examines the historical background and social causes of the era of rapprochement. The first is to examine the economic and social conditions in the United States that created the era. The second is to analyze the political background of this era. Finally, it explores the contribution that President Monroe has made in inaugurating this era. The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of the times of harmony. First of all, the political characteristics of the one-party system in this era are analyzed. Secondly, this paper analyzes the socio-economic situation of the United States in this era. Finally, we examine the obvious characteristics of American foreign policy in this era. The third chapter makes a historical investigation of the reasons for the end of the era of Harmony. First of all, the impact of the regional conflicts in the United States on the end of the era was analyzed. Secondly, it analyzes the impact of the arguments and disputes on the end of the era. Again, the impact of the revival and intensification of the political partisan struggle on the end of the era is analyzed. Finally, it explores why President Adams's succession to Monroe accelerated the end of the era. The conclusion is a summary of the era of rapprochement, and a summary of the main points in this paper, pointing out the unique position of the era in the history of American political thought and its historical influence on the development of the United States.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K712.4

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 宋濤;論馬丁·范布倫的政黨思想及實踐[D];山東大學;2012年

2 葉兆琴;美國建國初期的政黨思想研究[D];西南交通大學;2013年

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本文編號：2445541