論公元四世紀(jì)羅馬軍隊(duì)的重組
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-21 15:59
【摘要】： 盡管許多古代作家和現(xiàn)代學(xué)者都對(duì)戴克里先和君士坦丁提出了嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng),認(rèn)為他們對(duì)羅馬軍隊(duì)的重組使軍隊(duì)日益蠻族化,從而直接導(dǎo)致了戰(zhàn)斗力的下降和軍紀(jì)的廢弛,但卻鮮有證據(jù)支持這些指責(zé)。相反在事實(shí)上,重組后的羅馬軍隊(duì)仍然是一支精銳之師,而且更為忠誠。因此,公元四世紀(jì)的羅馬軍隊(duì)的重組并未導(dǎo)致軍隊(duì)的蛻變,而且是歷史發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。 首先,自三世紀(jì)以來羅馬的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境持續(xù)惡化,必然要求其軍隊(duì)有所改進(jìn)。其次,羅馬兩線作戰(zhàn)的窘境使其不得不放棄早期的進(jìn)攻性防御戰(zhàn)略,轉(zhuǎn)而走向縱深防御戰(zhàn)略。最后,縱深防御戰(zhàn)略決定了羅馬軍隊(duì)必然要被分為機(jī)動(dòng)部隊(duì)與守備部隊(duì),而且需要大幅擴(kuò)充軍隊(duì)和建立新的指揮體系。所以自戴克里先起,羅馬軍隊(duì)就在不斷的擴(kuò)充并在邊境大量修筑要塞。到了君士坦丁統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,軍隊(duì)被劃分為機(jī)動(dòng)部隊(duì)與守備部隊(duì),并在各地組建軍區(qū)。到四世紀(jì)中葉,羅馬軍隊(duì)的重組基本完成。這次重組具有以下幾大后果:首先羅馬軍隊(duì)擁有全新的軍事組織;其次,軍隊(duì)的數(shù)量發(fā)生了膨脹;再次,一個(gè)新的指揮體系建立了起來;最后,為維持軍隊(duì)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),一個(gè)新的后勤系統(tǒng)被建立起來。 雖然羅馬軍隊(duì)通過重組后,成功地維護(hù)了帝國的統(tǒng)一和邊境的安全,但其代價(jià)卻是十分高昂的,沉重的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)最終壓垮了羅馬帝國,羅馬軍隊(duì)必然隨之覆滅。
[Abstract]:Although many ancient writers and modern scholars have harshly criticized Decretian and Constantine that their reorganization of the Roman army has led to the growing barbarism of the army, which has led directly to the decline in combat effectiveness and the abolishment of military discipline, But there is little evidence to support these accusations. In fact, on the contrary, the reorganized Roman army is still an elite division and more loyal. Therefore, the reorganization of the Roman army in the fourth century AD did not lead to the transformation of the army, but was the inevitable result of the development of history. First, the continued deterioration of Rome's strategic environment since the third century is bound to require improvements in its army. Second, Rome had to give up its early offensive defense strategy and move towards a deep defense strategy because of the dilemma of two-line operations. Finally, the deep defense strategy determines that the Roman army must be divided into mobile units and garrison units, and that the army should be greatly expanded and a new command system should be set up. So since Diakry, Roman troops have been expanding and building garrisons on the border. By Constantine's rule, the army had been divided into mobile units and garrison units, and military regions had been formed everywhere. By the middle of the fourth century, the reorganization of the Roman army had been basically completed. This reorganization has the following major consequences: first, the Roman army has a brand-new military organization; secondly, the number of troops has expanded; thirdly, a new command system has been established; Finally, in order to maintain the operation of the army, a new logistics system was established. Although the Roman army was successfully reorganized to maintain the unity of the empire and the security of the border, the cost was very high, the heavy financial burden eventually crushed the Roman Empire, the Roman army must be destroyed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K126
本文編號(hào)：2445096
[Abstract]:Although many ancient writers and modern scholars have harshly criticized Decretian and Constantine that their reorganization of the Roman army has led to the growing barbarism of the army, which has led directly to the decline in combat effectiveness and the abolishment of military discipline, But there is little evidence to support these accusations. In fact, on the contrary, the reorganized Roman army is still an elite division and more loyal. Therefore, the reorganization of the Roman army in the fourth century AD did not lead to the transformation of the army, but was the inevitable result of the development of history. First, the continued deterioration of Rome's strategic environment since the third century is bound to require improvements in its army. Second, Rome had to give up its early offensive defense strategy and move towards a deep defense strategy because of the dilemma of two-line operations. Finally, the deep defense strategy determines that the Roman army must be divided into mobile units and garrison units, and that the army should be greatly expanded and a new command system should be set up. So since Diakry, Roman troops have been expanding and building garrisons on the border. By Constantine's rule, the army had been divided into mobile units and garrison units, and military regions had been formed everywhere. By the middle of the fourth century, the reorganization of the Roman army had been basically completed. This reorganization has the following major consequences: first, the Roman army has a brand-new military organization; secondly, the number of troops has expanded; thirdly, a new command system has been established; Finally, in order to maintain the operation of the army, a new logistics system was established. Although the Roman army was successfully reorganized to maintain the unity of the empire and the security of the border, the cost was very high, the heavy financial burden eventually crushed the Roman Empire, the Roman army must be destroyed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K126
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
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