【摘要】： 尼赫魯執(zhí)政期間處于二戰(zhàn)后美蘇兩級(jí)爭(zhēng)霸的冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,印度作為南亞大國(guó),成為美蘇爭(zhēng)相拉攏、親近的重要目標(biāo)。尼赫魯作為第一任印度總理,推行獨(dú)立不結(jié)盟的外交政策,不與任何大國(guó)和大國(guó)集團(tuán)結(jié)盟,在國(guó)際事務(wù)中保持中立,倡導(dǎo)和平。 然而隨著國(guó)際形勢(shì)的風(fēng)云變幻,印度出于國(guó)家安全與國(guó)家利益地考慮,不可避免地需要適時(shí)修改自己的外交政策,游離于美蘇之間,一方面譴責(zé)殖民主義、帝國(guó)主義,另一方面積極尋求美蘇援助;一方面高舉和平大旗,推行不結(jié)盟政策,另一方面又推行大國(guó)霸權(quán)主義,勾結(jié)美國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)中印戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 尼赫魯政府以實(shí)用主義為原則推行不結(jié)盟外交,在印度獨(dú)立初期取得了巨大的成就,為國(guó)內(nèi)的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展贏得了寶貴的時(shí)間,并獲得了美蘇大量的援助;在國(guó)際上,不結(jié)盟政策的施行得到了廣大第三世界國(guó)家的效仿,極大地提高了印度的國(guó)際地位。 本文以對(duì)印度影響最大的印美關(guān)系為線索,從尼赫魯執(zhí)政的不同時(shí)期的印美關(guān)系入手,并兼顧巴基斯坦、中國(guó)、蘇聯(lián)等周邊國(guó)家對(duì)印美關(guān)系的影響,分析了印度的對(duì)美政策,對(duì)不結(jié)盟政策執(zhí)行和調(diào)整的原因也進(jìn)行了分析和評(píng)價(jià),并在評(píng)析的過(guò)程中闡述了筆者關(guān)于印度外交思想的一些粗淺的看法。
[Abstract]:During Nehru's reign, during the Cold War period after World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union fought for hegemony. As a great power in South Asia, India became an important goal for the United States and the Soviet Union to draw together and get close to each other. Nehru, as the first Indian prime minister, pursued an independent and non-aligned foreign policy, did not ally with any major powers or groups of great powers, maintained neutrality in international affairs and advocated peace. However, with the changes in the international situation, India, in view of its national security and national interests, inevitably needs to revise its foreign policy in due course, dissociating itself from the United States and the Soviet Union. On the one hand, it condemns colonialism and imperialism. On the other hand, actively seeking assistance from the United States and Soviet Union; On the one hand, hold high the flag of peace, carry out the non-aligned policy, on the other hand, promote the hegemonism of the great powers, collude with the United States to launch the Sino Nehru government carried out non-aligned diplomacy on the principle of pragmatism, made great achievements in the early stage of India's independence, gained valuable time for the recovery and development of domestic politics and economy, and obtained a great deal of assistance from the United States and the Soviet Union. Internationally, the implementation of the non-aligned policy has been emulated by the vast number of third world countries and greatly improved India's international status. Based on the clue of India-US relations which have the greatest influence on India, this paper starts with Nehru's relations between India and the United States during the different periods of Nehru's administration, taking into account the influence of Pakistan, China, Soviet Union and other neighboring countries on the relations between India and the United States, and analyzes India's policy towards the United States. This paper also analyzes and evaluates the reasons for the implementation and adjustment of the non-aligned policy, and expounds the author's superficial views on India's diplomatic thoughts in the course of the assessment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D835.1;K351

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