【摘要】：墨索里尼對(duì)紅海地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張是其外交政策的重要組成部分。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，意大利經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條、工人失業(yè)嚴(yán)重，社會(huì)矛盾非常尖銳、一戰(zhàn)期間英法對(duì)意大利的利益許諾沒(méi)有全部?jī)冬F(xiàn)導(dǎo)致民族主義更加流行。在這種背景下，意大利法西斯主義興起。墨索里尼上臺(tái)后，為了擺脫國(guó)內(nèi)外危機(jī)，制訂了向紅海地區(qū)擴(kuò)展的政策。墨索里尼對(duì)紅海的擴(kuò)張主義政策，包括了軍事、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)等各個(gè)方面。墨索里尼政府對(duì)紅海地區(qū)進(jìn)行軍事滲透、政治壓迫和經(jīng)濟(jì)剝削，并實(shí)行血腥的社會(huì)政策：消滅被占領(lǐng)國(guó)的民族性，屠殺殖民地知識(shí)青年，合并行政機(jī)構(gòu)并對(duì)占領(lǐng)區(qū)進(jìn)行殘暴統(tǒng)治，企圖把紅海地區(qū)建成意大利的殖民地和勢(shì)力范圍。 最初，墨索里尼政府在紅海地區(qū)擴(kuò)張初期通過(guò)與埃塞俄比亞的邊界摩擦對(duì)國(guó)際反應(yīng)進(jìn)行試探，利用了國(guó)際盛行的綏靖主義，成功使意大利海外殖民地達(dá)到最大面積，也使他登上了權(quán)力與榮耀的頂峰。但是由于二戰(zhàn)初期墨索里尼為了謀求更多的利益，在錯(cuò)誤估計(jì)國(guó)際形勢(shì)發(fā)展的情況下選擇與德國(guó)結(jié)盟并與英法宣戰(zhàn)，這導(dǎo)致其中立的外交收益全部失去，，英法美從綏靖政策轉(zhuǎn)入反法西斯，加之意大利國(guó)內(nèi)小環(huán)境的阻力及紅海地區(qū)人民的不懈斗爭(zhēng)，意大利的東非帝國(guó)破滅了。意軍在非洲軍事上的敗績(jī)加重了國(guó)內(nèi)局勢(shì)的惡化，盟軍在西西里島登陸最終導(dǎo)致統(tǒng)治層內(nèi)部分裂，親英美派高層發(fā)動(dòng)政變迫使墨索里尼下臺(tái)，墨索里尼的紅海政策最終破產(chǎn)。 本論文由于緒論、三個(gè)章節(jié)和結(jié)論組成： 緒論：主要回顧了與墨索里尼政府在紅海地區(qū)擴(kuò)張政策相關(guān)的研究現(xiàn)狀，研究方法和創(chuàng)新。 第一部分：墨索里尼政府對(duì)紅海地區(qū)擴(kuò)張政策出臺(tái)的背景。筆者從內(nèi)部原因和外部原因兩方面入手，分析了這一政策產(chǎn)生的國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際原因。 第二部分：意大利對(duì)紅海地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張。筆者對(duì)法西斯意大利入侵紅海地區(qū)建立并統(tǒng)治意屬東非殖民地作了詳細(xì)論述，突出了墨索里尼政府的擴(kuò)張及統(tǒng)治特點(diǎn)。 第三部分：意大利對(duì)紅海地區(qū)擴(kuò)張政策的破產(chǎn)。筆者從破產(chǎn)的國(guó)內(nèi)因素、國(guó)際因素和意大利軍隊(duì)三方面的分析的除了墨索里尼政府對(duì)紅海地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張政策弊大于利。 結(jié)論：對(duì)整篇論文進(jìn)行梳理與總結(jié)，重申筆者觀點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Mussolini's expansion of the Red Sea was an important part of his foreign policy. After the end of World War I, Italy's economy was depressed, workers were unemployed, and social conflicts were acute. During World War I, Britain and France did not fully honour their promises of interest to Italy, making nationalism even more popular. Against this background, Italian fascism rose. After Mussolini came to power, in order to extricate himself from the crisis at home and abroad, he formulated a policy to expand to the Red Sea region. Mussolini's expansionist policy toward the Red Sea includes military, political, economic and social aspects. The Mussolini Government carried out military infiltration, political oppression and economic exploitation in the Red Sea region, and pursued a bloody social policy of eliminating the national character of the occupied State and killing the educated youth of the colonies, Merciless administration and tyranny of the occupied territories in an attempt to establish the Red Sea as a colony and sphere of influence in Italy. Initially, the Mussolini government, in its initial expansion of the Red Sea region, tested the international response through border friction with Ethiopia, taking advantage of the prevailing international appeasement, and succeeded in maximizing the size of Italy's overseas colonies. It also brought him to the summit of power and glory. However, in the early part of World War II, Mussolini, in order to seek more interests, chose to form an alliance with Germany and declare war with Britain and France under the false assessment of the development of the international situation, which resulted in the loss of all diplomatic benefits of the two countries. Britain, France and the United States changed from appeasement to anti-fascism, combined with the resistance of Italy's domestic environment and the unremitting struggle of the people of the Red Sea region, the east African empire of Italy was shattered. Italy's military defeat in Africa exacerbated the situation at home, with Allied landings in Sicily leading to a split in the ruling hierarchy, a coup by pro-Anglo-American leaders forcing Mussolini to step down and Mussolini's Red Sea policy collapsing. This paper is composed of three chapters and conclusions as follows: introduction: this paper reviews the research status, research methods and innovations related to Mussolini government's policy of expansion in the Red Sea region. The first part: the background of Mussolini government's policy to expand the Red Sea region. The author analyzes the domestic and international causes of this policy from internal and external reasons. The second part: Italy's expansion of the Red Sea. The author discusses in detail the Fascist Italy invading the Red Sea region to establish and rule the Italian East African colony, which highlights the expansion and ruling characteristics of Mussolini government. The third part: the bankruptcy of the expansion policy of Italy to the Red Sea area. The author analyzes the domestic factors, international factors and Italian army from three aspects, except Mussolini government's expansionary policy to the Red Sea region, which is more harmful than good. Conclusion: summarize and summarize the whole paper and reiterate the author's point of view.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K546.42

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