【摘要】： 五港同盟誕生于中世紀(jì)初期的英格蘭,是英國(guó)歷史上唯一的城市同盟。在盎格魯-撒克遜時(shí)代后期,隨著英格蘭海防體制的發(fā)展,英格蘭東南的五港市開(kāi)始為王室提供海軍服務(wù)。諾曼王朝時(shí)期的政治形勢(shì)與五港市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,推動(dòng)了五港同盟的形成,其特權(quán)地位隨后在1215年的《大憲章》中得到確認(rèn)。 從13世紀(jì)中期到14世紀(jì)初期,五港同盟進(jìn)入了鼎盛時(shí)代。五港同盟的海軍服務(wù)對(duì)王室的各種軍事活動(dòng)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn),同盟由此獲得了更多特權(quán),其主要體現(xiàn)在同盟城市自治權(quán)、法律管轄權(quán)、議會(huì)代表權(quán)和雅茅斯鯡魚(yú)集市管理權(quán)等方面。同時(shí),同盟的管理機(jī)構(gòu)也日益健全。同盟最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)謝普威法庭的體制日趨完善,五港總督開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)。在14世紀(jì),自治性更強(qiáng)的兄弟會(huì)逐漸取代謝普威大會(huì)成為同盟最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)。隨著五港同盟政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的提高,越來(lái)越多的港口城市加入到同盟中來(lái),使同盟的組織得到了擴(kuò)大。 14世紀(jì)中期以后,英格蘭的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)發(fā)生了變化,對(duì)五港同盟的經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了不利影響。另外,港口的淤塞問(wèn)題在同盟首港中愈加凸顯,致使這些城市的港口功能受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。此外,隨著英國(guó)民族國(guó)家的形成,五港同盟所代表的封建海軍已經(jīng)難以適應(yīng)形勢(shì)的需要。英國(guó)開(kāi)始建設(shè)近代意義上的海軍,五港同盟的海軍服務(wù)漸漸退出了歷史舞臺(tái)。雖然此后的五港同盟依然存在,但其歷史影響已經(jīng)大大降低。
[Abstract]:Born in England in the early Middle Ages, the five-port alliance is the only city alliance in British history. In the late Anglo-Saxon era, with the development of the coastal defense system in England, the five ports in southeast England began to provide naval services to the royal family. The political situation during the Norman Dynasty and the development of the economy of the five ports promoted the formation of the Union of five Ports, whose privileged status was later confirmed in the Magna Carta in 1215. From the middle of the 13 th century to the beginning of the 14 th century, the five-port alliance entered its heyday. The Navy Service of the United Nations of Hong Kong and Hong Kong made a great contribution to the military activities of the royal family, and the Alliance gained more privileges, mainly reflected in the autonomy of the Alliance cities and the jurisdiction of the law. Parliamentary representation and Yarmouth herring market management and other aspects. At the same time, the management of the alliance is also increasingly sound. The Supreme Authority of the Alliance, the Shepway Court, was becoming more and more perfect, and the five-port governors began to emerge. In the 14 th century, the more autonomous Brotherhood gradually replaced the Shepway Congress as the supreme authority of the Alliance. With the improvement of the political and economic status of the five-port alliance, more and more port cities joined the alliance, which expanded the organization of the alliance. After the middle of the 14 th century, the economic situation of England changed, which adversely affected the economy of the five-port alliance. In addition, the blockage of the ports has become increasingly prominent in the first ports of the Alliance, causing serious damage to the port function of these cities. In addition, with the formation of the British nation-state, the feudal navy represented by the five-port alliance has been unable to adapt to the needs of the situation. Britain began to build a modern navy, and the five-port alliance's naval service gradually withdrew from the stage of history. Although the five-port United Democrats still exist since then, its historical impact has been greatly reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K561

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