杜魯門政府國(guó)家安全政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-16 10:33
【摘要】：本論文以美國(guó)國(guó)家安全政策文件NSC7號(hào)、NSC20系列、NSC68 系列、NSCll4系列、NSCl35系列和NSCl41號(hào)為核心，整體上探討 杜魯門政府國(guó)家安全政策的演變。二戰(zhàn)后針對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的威脅，杜魯門政 府最初確立了以NSC20／4．號(hào)文件為核心的有限遏制戰(zhàn)略，然而隨著蘇聯(lián)成功進(jìn)行第一次核試驗(yàn)和中華人民共和國(guó)的成立，杜魯門政府丌始重新審查國(guó)家安全政策并出臺(tái)了NSC68號(hào)文件，國(guó)家安全政策軍事色 彩急劇加強(qiáng)。朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)和中國(guó)軍隊(duì)入朝參戰(zhàn)進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)有限遏 制戰(zhàn)略朝向全面遏制戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)化，然而由于美國(guó)及其盟國(guó)準(zhǔn)備不足， NSCll4／1號(hào)文件建議加倍努力盡可能按照原定時(shí)間完成各項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。隨 著對(duì)外軍事援助的加強(qiáng)和承擔(dān)義務(wù)的擴(kuò)大，杜魯門政府全面遏制戰(zhàn)略 也不可避免地帶來一些問題困擾著美國(guó)及其盟國(guó)，促使它們進(jìn)行調(diào)整。 NSCl35／1號(hào)文件在確認(rèn)基本安全目標(biāo)沒有變化的前提下，強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù)加 強(qiáng)對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的遏制，同時(shí)重新審查用于援助各地區(qū)的資源總量和分配優(yōu) 先權(quán)問題。杜魯門政府在臨近交權(quán)的時(shí)候還出臺(tái)了一份NSCl41號(hào)文． 件，但并沒有得到新政府的認(rèn)同，艾森豪威爾政府在上臺(tái)后不久就另 起爐灶，重新制訂了國(guó)家安全政策。 全文由緒論、正文和結(jié)論三部分組成。 緒論介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界在杜魯門政府國(guó)家安全政策問題上的研究 現(xiàn)狀及其本課題的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。 正文分為四章。第一章考證了凱南遏制戰(zhàn)略思想的形成以及杜魯 門政府有限遏制戰(zhàn)略的確立和實(shí)踐。 第二章著重分析了杜魯門政府從有限遏制戰(zhàn)略向全面遏制戰(zhàn)略演 變的過程，強(qiáng)調(diào)蘇聯(lián)成功進(jìn)行第一次核試驗(yàn)、中華人民共和國(guó)的成立、 朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及中國(guó)軍隊(duì)入朝參戰(zhàn)等事件對(duì)遏制戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)變的影響。此外 本章尤為詳細(xì)地分析了氫彈研制的決定和NSC68號(hào)文件的形成、演變 及其影響。 第三章論述了全面遏制戰(zhàn)略的深化。詳細(xì)分析全面遏制戰(zhàn)略的探 WP=4 索以及NSCll4／1號(hào)文件形成及其內(nèi)容，對(duì)于蘇聯(lián)意圖和能力，尼采與 波倫在發(fā)生了分歧;最終導(dǎo)致NSCll4／2號(hào)文件。杜魯門政府通過增加 軍費(fèi)開支，擴(kuò)大對(duì)外援助，建立全球性同盟體系，使全面遏制戰(zhàn)略進(jìn) 一步深化。 第四章論述了全面遏制戰(zhàn)略的終結(jié)。詳細(xì)分析隨著對(duì)外軍事援助 的加強(qiáng)和承擔(dān)義務(wù)的擴(kuò)大，全面遏制戰(zhàn)略所帶來的困境以及作為調(diào)整 的NSCl35系列文件的形成及其演變、NSCl41號(hào)文件的內(nèi)容及其地 位。 結(jié)論部分則概括了杜魯門政府國(guó)家安全政策的特點(diǎn)及其歷史地 位。
[Abstract]:Based on the National Security Policy documents NSC7, NSC20, NSC68, NSCll4, NSCl35 and NSCl41, this thesis discusses the evolution of Truman's national security policy. In response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union after World War II, the Truman administration initially established a limited containment strategy with the NSC20/4. document as the core. However, with the success of the Soviet Union's first nuclear test and the establishment of the people's Republic of China, Truman government began to review national security policy and issued NSC68 document, national security policy military color sharply strengthened. The outbreak of the Korean War and the entry of Chinese troops into the Korean War have further promoted the transformation of the limited repression strategy towards a comprehensive containment strategy. However, due to inadequate preparation by the United States and its allies, NSCll4/ 1 recommends redoubling efforts to complete the projects as far as possible. With the strengthening of foreign military aid and the expansion of its obligations, Truman government's overall containment strategy inevitably brings some problems to the United States and its allies and urges them to adjust. While recognizing that basic security objectives have not changed, NSCl35/ 1 emphasizes continued strengthening of the Soviet Union's containment, while reexamining the total amount of resources used to assist regions and the allocation of priority and priority rights. The Truman administration also issued a copy of the NSCl41 document near the handover, but it was not accepted by the new administration, and the Eisenhower administration started a new stove shortly after it came to power and reformulated its national security policy. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction introduces the current research situation of the national security policy of Truman government at home and abroad and the academic value of this subject. The text is divided into four chapters. Chapter one examines the formation of Kenan's containment strategy and the establishment and practice of Truman's limited containment strategy. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the Truman government's transformation from a limited containment strategy to a comprehensive containment strategy, emphasizing the successful conduct of the first nuclear test by the Soviet Union and the establishment of the people's Republic of China. The Korean War and the entry of Chinese troops into the Korean War have had an impact on the containment of the strategic shift. In addition, the decision of hydrogen bomb development and the formation, evolution and influence of NSC68 document are analyzed in detail in this chapter. The third chapter discusses the deepening of the overall containment strategy. This paper analyzes in detail the formation and content of WP=4 cable and NSCll4/ 1 document of comprehensive containment strategy. Nietzsche and Pollen have different views on the Soviet Union's intention and capability, and finally lead to NSCll4/ 2 document. Truman government, by increasing military expenditure, expanding foreign aid and establishing a global alliance system, further deepened the overall containment strategy. The fourth chapter discusses the end of the overall containment strategy. With the strengthening of foreign military aid and the expansion of obligations, the difficulties brought about by the overall containment strategy, the formation and evolution of NSCl35 series documents as adjustment, and the contents and location of NSCl41 document are analyzed in detail. The conclusion summarizes the characteristics and historical location of Truman government's national security policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5
本文編號(hào)：2382195
[Abstract]:Based on the National Security Policy documents NSC7, NSC20, NSC68, NSCll4, NSCl35 and NSCl41, this thesis discusses the evolution of Truman's national security policy. In response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union after World War II, the Truman administration initially established a limited containment strategy with the NSC20/4. document as the core. However, with the success of the Soviet Union's first nuclear test and the establishment of the people's Republic of China, Truman government began to review national security policy and issued NSC68 document, national security policy military color sharply strengthened. The outbreak of the Korean War and the entry of Chinese troops into the Korean War have further promoted the transformation of the limited repression strategy towards a comprehensive containment strategy. However, due to inadequate preparation by the United States and its allies, NSCll4/ 1 recommends redoubling efforts to complete the projects as far as possible. With the strengthening of foreign military aid and the expansion of its obligations, Truman government's overall containment strategy inevitably brings some problems to the United States and its allies and urges them to adjust. While recognizing that basic security objectives have not changed, NSCl35/ 1 emphasizes continued strengthening of the Soviet Union's containment, while reexamining the total amount of resources used to assist regions and the allocation of priority and priority rights. The Truman administration also issued a copy of the NSCl41 document near the handover, but it was not accepted by the new administration, and the Eisenhower administration started a new stove shortly after it came to power and reformulated its national security policy. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction introduces the current research situation of the national security policy of Truman government at home and abroad and the academic value of this subject. The text is divided into four chapters. Chapter one examines the formation of Kenan's containment strategy and the establishment and practice of Truman's limited containment strategy. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the Truman government's transformation from a limited containment strategy to a comprehensive containment strategy, emphasizing the successful conduct of the first nuclear test by the Soviet Union and the establishment of the people's Republic of China. The Korean War and the entry of Chinese troops into the Korean War have had an impact on the containment of the strategic shift. In addition, the decision of hydrogen bomb development and the formation, evolution and influence of NSC68 document are analyzed in detail in this chapter. The third chapter discusses the deepening of the overall containment strategy. This paper analyzes in detail the formation and content of WP=4 cable and NSCll4/ 1 document of comprehensive containment strategy. Nietzsche and Pollen have different views on the Soviet Union's intention and capability, and finally lead to NSCll4/ 2 document. Truman government, by increasing military expenditure, expanding foreign aid and establishing a global alliance system, further deepened the overall containment strategy. The fourth chapter discusses the end of the overall containment strategy. With the strengthening of foreign military aid and the expansion of obligations, the difficulties brought about by the overall containment strategy, the formation and evolution of NSCl35 series documents as adjustment, and the contents and location of NSCl41 document are analyzed in detail. The conclusion summarizes the characteristics and historical location of Truman government's national security policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 紀(jì)勝利;美國(guó)對(duì)芬蘭政策研究（1945-1960）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2008年
2 宮旭平;美國(guó)空軍與美國(guó)全球戰(zhàn)略研究（1947—1969）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2005年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 蔡晶晶;美國(guó)1947年《國(guó)家安全法》研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年
2 韓君;美國(guó)對(duì)菲律賓政策的演變（1946-1960年）[D];暨南大學(xué);2008年
，本文編號(hào)：2382195
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