【摘要】： 二戰(zhàn)后,遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)摧殘的法國(guó)不可避免的淪為二流國(guó)家。重新執(zhí)掌法國(guó)的戴高樂(lè)將軍以恢復(fù)法國(guó)的大國(guó)地位為天職,推動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的同時(shí),積極調(diào)整對(duì)歐政策,推動(dòng)歐洲聯(lián)合發(fā)展,期望以此帶動(dòng)法國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,并以此提高法國(guó)的國(guó)際地位,而在這一方面政策的實(shí)施也就成為戴高樂(lè)歐洲聯(lián)合思想的主旨。概括而言:戴高樂(lè)的歐洲聯(lián)合思想大體上包括四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:一是,以推進(jìn)歐洲聯(lián)合發(fā)展的方式提升法國(guó)的大國(guó)地位,最大限度維護(hù)法國(guó)利益;二是,主張?jiān)诜ǖ潞徒獾幕A(chǔ)上,推動(dòng)以法德為軸心的歐洲聯(lián)合;三是,秉承積極推進(jìn)并加入歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化,但并不“融入”的政策,反對(duì)國(guó)家主權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓;四是,主張法國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的從大西洋到烏拉爾山的大歐洲的聯(lián)合。正是基于上述四點(diǎn),戴高樂(lè)開(kāi)始把世界的目光開(kāi)始吸引到法國(guó)的身上,以此致力于法國(guó)國(guó)際地位的提高與發(fā)言權(quán)的取得。事實(shí)證明,戴高樂(lè)的歐洲政策,在一定程度上講,是成功的,影響也是巨大而又深遠(yuǎn)的,因?yàn)榇鞲邩?lè)所制定的法國(guó)對(duì)歐政策并不僅僅是自己“一廂情愿”的產(chǎn)物,而是代表了當(dāng)時(shí)大部分法國(guó)人的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想,即,恢復(fù)法國(guó)以往的榮耀,謀求法國(guó)以往的大國(guó)地位。由此,我們可以看到戴高樂(lè)的對(duì)歐政策并不僅僅特定時(shí)期的產(chǎn)物,而是深植于大部分法國(guó)民眾心中的夢(mèng)想,以此也就可以解釋戴高樂(lè)以后法國(guó)歷任總統(tǒng)—蓬皮杜、德斯坦、密特朗以及希拉克等--為何在不同程度上都堅(jiān)持戴高樂(lè)的歐洲政策不動(dòng)搖,即使出現(xiàn)某些具體內(nèi)容的些微不同,但最終還是殊途同歸。
[Abstract]:After World War II, France, devastated by the war, inevitably became a second-class country. General Charles de Gaulle, who has returned to power in France, takes the restoration of France's status as a major power as his natural duty to promote domestic economic development and maintain social stability, and at the same time actively readjust his policies towards Europe and promote the joint development of Europe, in the hope that this will lead to the development of the French economy. In order to enhance France's international status, the implementation of this policy has become the main theme of de Gaulle's European Union. To sum up: Charles de Gaulle's idea of European Union includes four aspects: first, to promote the status of France as a great country in the way of promoting the joint development of Europe, and to safeguard the interests of France to the maximum extent; On the basis of Franco-German reconciliation, we advocate to promote the Franco-German European Union with France and Germany as the axis, and third, to actively promote and join the European economic integration policy, but not to "integrate", and oppose the transfer of national sovereignty. Fourth, advocated the French-led alliance from the Atlantic to the greater Europe of the Ural Mountains. It is based on the above four points that de Gaulle began to attract the world's attention to France in order to improve its international status and gain a voice. Facts have proved that de Gaulle's European policy, to a certain extent, has been successful, and the impact has been enormous and far-reaching, because de Gaulle's policy towards Europe is not just a product of his own "wishful thinking". It represents a dream of most French people at that time, that is, to restore the glory of France and to seek its former status as a great power. Thus, we can see that de Gaulle's European policy is not only the product of a specific period, but also a dream deeply rooted in the hearts of the majority of the French people, thus explaining the French presidents Pompidou D'Estaing after de Gaulle. Mitterrand, Chirac and so on-why, to varying degrees, de Gaulle's European policy remains the same, even if there are some slight differences in content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K565;D856.5

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