【摘要】： 上世紀90年代初,作為冷戰(zhàn)前沿陣地的聯(lián)邦德國和民主德國實現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)一。具有不同社會制度(意識形態(tài))的兩個國家以和平方式迅速地重新統(tǒng)一,這在世界現(xiàn)代史上,是絕無僅有的,它產(chǎn)生了一系列的深遠影響。因此,將兩德的統(tǒng)一及其影響作為一個課題加以研究具有理論和實際的雙重意義。 本篇論文包括兩德統(tǒng)一的背景、曲折過程及其統(tǒng)一后的影響等內(nèi)容。德國的重新統(tǒng)一是基于戰(zhàn)后德國戰(zhàn)敗而被分割這一事實來講的,20世紀40年代后期分區(qū)占領(lǐng)德國的盟國因為美蘇意識形態(tài)的矛盾而最終分道揚鑣成為對手,并由此形成了冷戰(zhàn)的局面,在美英法的操縱下聯(lián)邦德國成立,緊接著在蘇聯(lián)的扶植下民主德國亦成立,從此德國的分裂成為定局。自分裂以后,兩個德國對統(tǒng)一問題的立場是兩國政府各自的重要國策之一,但是因為德國的分裂是戰(zhàn)后歐洲安全的保證,涉及到整個歐洲的戰(zhàn)略平衡,所以要重新統(tǒng)一絕非易事。到了上世紀80年代,蘇聯(lián)和東歐發(fā)生的劇變以及東西方關(guān)系的緩和為兩德統(tǒng)一提供了契機,最終,以西德吞并東德的方式完成了重新統(tǒng)一。德國統(tǒng)一的完成,對其國內(nèi)而言,因為此前雙方在經(jīng)濟政治體制等方面的發(fā)展具有異質(zhì)性,因此一定程度上給統(tǒng)一后的德國帶來了一系列的社會問題,至今仍未完全解決;另外,德國統(tǒng)一后對歐洲乃至世界也帶來了一些深遠的影響。 兩德統(tǒng)一過程的前后還對我國提供了可借鑒的方法。如在解決臺灣問題的過程中,如何處理內(nèi)外部因素的關(guān)系,怎樣把握契機采取適當?shù)牟襟E?正在崛起的中國該如何打消周邊國家和世界主要大國對中國崛起的疑慮?德國統(tǒng)一對外界采取的宣示和行為等,應(yīng)該作為啟示的一部分為我們所借鑒或習得。
[Abstract]:In the early 1990 s, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Democratic Republic of Germany, as the front of the Cold War, were United. Two countries with different social systems (ideologies) are rapidly reunified by peaceful means, which is unique in modern world history and has had a series of far-reaching effects. Therefore, it is of both theoretical and practical significance to study the unity and influence of the two virtues as a subject. This paper includes the background of the unification of two Germany, the tortuous process and its influence after unification. The reunification of Germany was based on the fact that Germany was divided after the war. The allies who occupied Germany in the late 1940s were eventually divided into adversaries because of ideological contradictions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Then the Cold War came into being, under the control of the United States, Britain and France, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded, followed by the Soviet Union under the support of the Democratic Republic of Germany, and from then on the German division became a foregone conclusion. Since the secession, the stance of the two Germany on the issue of reunification has been one of the important national policies of the two governments. However, since the division of Germany is the guarantee of European security after the war, it involves the strategic balance of the whole of Europe. So reunifying is no easy task. By the 1980s, the dramatic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and the relaxation of East-West relations provided an opportunity for the reunification of the two Germany. Finally, the reunification was completed by the annexation of East Germany by West Germany. The completion of the unification of Germany has brought a series of social problems to the unified Germany to some extent because of the heterogeneity of the development of the two sides in the economic and political system, which has not been completely solved up to now. In addition, after the reunification of Germany to Europe and even the world also brought some far-reaching impact. Before and after the process of unification of the two Germany, it also provides a reference method for our country. For example, in the process of resolving the Taiwan issue, how to handle the relationship between internal and external factors, and how to grasp the opportunity to take appropriate steps? How should rising China dispel doubts about China's rise from neighboring countries and major world powers? The declaration and behavior taken by German unification to the outside world should be used for reference or learned as a part of enlightenment.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K516.7

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