【摘要】： 安東尼·艾登(1897—1977)在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前,即以反綏靖主義聞名英倫。二戰(zhàn)期間,他加入丘吉爾的戰(zhàn)時內閣,為戰(zhàn)勝德、意、日等法西斯國家做出了頗大貢獻。二戰(zhàn)后的丘吉爾政府里,他作為保守黨第二號人物,以外交大臣的身份奔走于世界各地,為維護西方集團的團結,緩解東、西方的對抗而積極斡旋。正是通過他的努力,五十年代初兩大集團的緊張關系才有所緩解。丘吉爾退休后,艾登繼任英國首相,領導內閣。嚴峻的政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事和外交問題令其窮于應付,身心疲憊。其間,國內政局動蕩不寧,頻繁的罷工削弱了英國經(jīng)濟的元氣,而艾登政府對此反應遲鈍,導致局勢繼續(xù)惡化。在歐洲英國錯過了西歐一體化進程,使之長期游離于歐共體的大門之外。在蘇伊士危機中,英國糾集法國、以色列入侵埃及,未得到預期結果,反而聲威受損。英美的“特殊關系”也因此事件出現(xiàn)裂痕。非殖民化運動的開展在其任期內繼續(xù)推進,盡管艾登仍夢想恢復大英帝國的光榮過去,但一個分崩離析的帝國卻成為一個不爭的事實。 本文試圖從政治、經(jīng)濟、外交三方面對艾登政府面臨的困難局勢作較為詳盡的論述。全文共四個部分:第一部分介紹國內政治困境,包括工黨的恢復和反擊、壓力集團和公眾輿論的作用、保守黨內的分化、國內工人運動的高漲。第二部分介紹國內經(jīng)濟困境,主要論述艾登時期英國經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)惡化及其影響。第三、四部分是文章重心。第三部分講述英帝國在艾登時期的繼續(xù)衰落,這部分又分三個方面。包括國際社會對非殖民化的推動、蘇丹以及和塞浦路斯的獨立運動過程。第四部分論述對外關系,主要講英國對待西歐一體化的態(tài)度、蘇伊士運河危機、英美的“特殊關系”。最后是結語,主要對艾登政府在英國歷史中的地位作簡要的評價。
[Abstract]:Anthony Eden (1897-1977) was known in England as an anti-appeasement before World War II. During World War II, he joined Churchill's wartime cabinet and made great contributions to the victory over Germany, Italy, Japan and other fascist countries. In Churchill's post-World War II government, he traveled the world as Tory No. 2 as Foreign Secretary, actively mediating the unity of Western blocs and easing confrontation between the East and the West. It was through his efforts that tensions between the two groups eased in the early 1950s. After Churchill retired, Aiden took over as British prime minister and led the cabinet. The severe political, economic, military and diplomatic problems left him exhausted. In the meantime, unrest at home and frequent strikes have weakened the British economy, and Aiden's government has been slow to respond, causing the situation to continue to deteriorate. In Europe, Britain missed the process of Western European integration, leaving it outside the door of the European Community for a long time. In the Suez crisis, Britain gathered France and Israel invaded Egypt without achieving the desired results. British and American "special relationship" also because of this incident appear rift. The decolonisation movement continued during its term of office, and although Aiden still dreamed of restoring the glorious past of the British Empire, it was an indisputable fact that a disintegrated empire. This paper attempts to elaborate on the difficult situation faced by Aiden government from three aspects of politics, economy and diplomacy. There are four parts: the first part introduces the domestic political dilemma, including the recovery and counterattack of the Labor Party, the role of pressure groups and public opinion, the division within the Conservative Party, and the upsurge of the domestic labor movement. The second part introduces the domestic economic difficulties, mainly discusses the continued deterioration of the British economy during the Aiden period and its impact. The third and fourth parts are the focus of the article. The third part describes the continued decline of the British Empire in the Aiden period, which is divided into three aspects. This includes the international push for decolonization, the independence movement in Sudan and Cyprus. The fourth part discusses the foreign relations, mainly on the British attitude towards Western European integration, the Suez Canal crisis, and the "special relationship" between the United States and the United States. The last part is the conclusion, mainly about the status of Aiden government in British history.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.45

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 尚旭光;1952-1956年英國對埃及政策及實踐[D];河北師范大學;2010年

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本文編號：2354193