【摘要】： 持續(xù)兩個多世紀(jì)的十字軍東征及抗十字軍斗爭是中世紀(jì)歐亞大陸歷史上的重大事件,它不僅改變了當(dāng)時的世界格局,對當(dāng)時歐洲及中東的歷史也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。薩拉丁是抗擊十字軍的民族英雄。他用吉哈德的精神把穆斯林世界的力量聯(lián)合起來,對十字軍展開了全面的反擊并取得了輝煌的勝利,為穆斯林人民的反侵略做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。本文由前言、正文、結(jié)語、以及附錄構(gòu)成,作者嘗試評述薩拉丁反十字軍事業(yè)中建立的功業(yè)及其對后世的影響。 前言部分是本文的研究意義和研究現(xiàn)狀。 正文分為三部分。第一部分介紹了薩拉丁成長的背景。公元11世紀(jì)阿拔斯王朝衰落,塞爾柱人占領(lǐng)巴格達(dá),阿拉伯帝國分裂為若干政權(quán)。穆斯林世界內(nèi)部的爭斗和矛盾,正是第一次十字軍得以獲勝的重要原因之一。然而,十字軍的暴行和拉丁王國的殘暴統(tǒng)治激起穆斯林的強(qiáng)烈反抗。贊吉、努爾丁領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了早期的反十字軍斗爭,而他們成為了薩拉丁的榜樣。 第二部分論述了薩拉丁力量的增長和穆斯林世界的聯(lián)合。他首先推翻了法蒂瑪王朝,在埃及建立了阿尤布王朝,然后運用軍事和外交兩種手段,陸續(xù)征服了大馬士革、霍姆斯、哈馬、阿勒頗等地,于1185年實現(xiàn)了埃及、敘利亞、蘇丹、美索不達(dá)米亞西部以及西賈茲和也門的統(tǒng)一,完成了對耶路撒冷王國的戰(zhàn)略包圍。同時,他不斷發(fā)動對十字軍的圍攻,分化瓦解西方的同盟,為對十字軍的決定性一戰(zhàn)做了大量的準(zhǔn)備工作。 第三部分論述了薩拉丁與十字軍的軍事斗爭及其成就。他改革作戰(zhàn)技術(shù),擴(kuò)充軍費來源。1187年,薩拉丁贏得哈丁戰(zhàn)役,這是反十字軍斗爭的第一次重大勝利。同年,他收復(fù)耶路撒冷,十字軍喪失侵略東方的大本營。1187—1192年期間,薩拉丁領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了抗擊第三次十字軍的戰(zhàn)爭,大大削弱了十字軍的進(jìn)攻力量,進(jìn)一步鞏固了反十字軍斗爭的成果。 本文的結(jié)論是:(1)薩拉丁倡導(dǎo)穆斯林世界的團(tuán)結(jié),統(tǒng)一了從埃及到敘利亞的廣大地區(qū),為穆斯林收復(fù)失地和戰(zhàn)勝第三次十字軍奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(2)薩拉丁在一系列軍事斗爭取得重大勝利,使十字軍運動由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰,為反十字軍戰(zhàn)爭作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。(3)薩拉丁反十字軍斗爭期間所采取的宗教、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面多種措施,對地中海東岸社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇和伊斯蘭文化的振興具有積極意義。(4)薩拉丁努力倡導(dǎo)的穆斯林團(tuán)結(jié)精神和他畢生從事的反侵略英勇行動,不僅鼓舞了當(dāng)時遭受侵略的地中海東岸地區(qū)各族人民,也為現(xiàn)代穆斯林世界留下恒久的精神遺產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:The crusade and anti-crusader struggle, which lasted for more than two centuries, was an important event in the history of the medieval Eurasia. It not only changed the world pattern at that time, but also had a profound influence on the history of Europe and the Middle East at that time. Saladin was a national hero against the crusaders. He United the forces of the Muslim world with the spirit of Jihad, launched a comprehensive counterattack to the crusaders and made brilliant victories, and made outstanding contributions to the anti-aggression of the Muslim people. This paper consists of preface, text, conclusion and appendix. The author tries to comment on the achievements established in Saladin's anti-crusades and their influence on later generations. The foreword part is the research significance and present situation of this paper. The text is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the background of Saladin's growth. In the 11 th century AD, the Abducts fell, the Serzhu occupied Baghdad, and the Arab Empire split into several regimes. Fighting and conflict within the Muslim world was one of the main reasons for the first crusade to prevail. However, the atrocities of the Crusaders and the tyranny of the Latin Kingdom provoked a strong revolt among Muslims. Zangi, Nurudeen, who led the early anti-crusades, became a role model for Saladin. The second part deals with the growth of Saladin's power and the union of the Muslim world. He first overthrew the Fatima dynasty, established the Ayyub dynasty in Egypt, and then, by military and diplomatic means, conquered Damascus, Homs, Hama, Aleppo and other places, and in 1185 he realized Egypt, Syria, and Sudan. Western Mesopotas Mya and the reunification of West Jaziz and Yemen completed the strategic siege of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. At the same time, he launched a constant siege of the crusaders, disintegrating the Western allies, and made a lot of preparations for the decisive first War of the Crusaders. The third part discusses the military struggle between Saladin and the Crusaders and its achievements. In 1187, Saladin won the Battle of Harding, the first major victory in the anti-crusade struggle. In the same year, he recovered Jerusalem, and the crusaders lost their stronghold of aggression in the East. Between 1187-1192, Saladin led the war against the third Crusader, greatly weakening the crusades' offensive power. The achievements of the anti-crusader struggle were further consolidated. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Saladin advocated the unity of the Muslim world and unified the vast area from Egypt to Syria. Laid the foundation for Muslims to recover their lost territory and defeat the third Crusade. (2) Saladin won a series of major military victories, which turned the crusader movement from prosperity to decline. He made great contributions to the war against the Crusaders. (3) religious, economic and other measures taken during the struggle against the Crusades in Saladin, Having positive significance for the socio-economic recovery and the revitalization of Islamic culture on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. (4) the spirit of Muslim solidarity advocated by Saladin and the heroic action against aggression he has devoted his life to, It not only inspired the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean who were invaded at that time, but also left a lasting spiritual legacy for the modern Muslim world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K13

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2333487