【摘要】：進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期,隨著美國(guó)工業(yè)化的迅速發(fā)展,美國(guó)的工廠童工制又一次的興盛起來(lái)。尤其是紡織工廠雇傭童工的現(xiàn)象最為普遍、最為嚴(yán)重。因此本文對(duì)進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期美國(guó)紡織工廠童工的生存狀況作了深入的了解,經(jīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期美國(guó)紡織工廠雇傭童工的違法現(xiàn)象相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重,而且紡織工廠童工在家庭生活、工廠工作以及學(xué)校教育等方面都遭受著巨大的壓力和無(wú)情的摧殘。隨著社會(huì)進(jìn)步運(yùn)動(dòng)的不斷展開,人們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到了童工的危害性,因此政府和社會(huì)各界展開了一系列的童工救助活動(dòng)。筆者分析了童工自身、政府、工廠主以及社會(huì)團(tuán)體等四個(gè)方面的救助活動(dòng),發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的救助各有特點(diǎn)。本文認(rèn)為:童工自我救助帶有強(qiáng)烈的依附性,因此自我救助的成果不大。童工救助的大多數(shù)成果來(lái)自于政府和社會(huì)各界的努力。在整個(gè)童工救助中,進(jìn)步人士的童工救助是各類童工救助的先鋒,它促進(jìn)了社會(huì)團(tuán)體的形成和不斷壯大,并且領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或影響了社會(huì)團(tuán)體的童工救助。進(jìn)步人士和社會(huì)團(tuán)體的童工救助直接推動(dòng)了政府童工救助的歷程,政府的童工立法和童工的罷工運(yùn)動(dòng)直接影響了工廠主的童工救助。進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期美國(guó)的童工救助取得了豐碩的成果,工廠雇傭童工的數(shù)量逐漸地減少,童工的最低雇傭年齡也不斷的被提高�？傊�,該時(shí)期的童工救助在很大程度上改善了童工的生存條件,從而減輕了工業(yè)化對(duì)兒童的傷害,童工的生活重心也逐漸從工廠勞動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向了學(xué)校教育。
[Abstract]:During the Progressive Movement, with the rapid development of American industrialization, American factory labor system flourished again. In particular, the textile factory employment of child labor is the most common, the most serious. Therefore, this paper makes a deep understanding of the living conditions of child labor in American textile factories during the Progressive Movement, and finds that the illegal employment of child labour in American textile factories during the Progressive Movement is quite serious. Moreover, child workers in textile factories are under great pressure and ruthless destruction in family life, factory work and school education. With the development of social progress movement, people gradually realize the harm of child labor, so the government and all walks of life launched a series of child labor relief activities. The author analyzes the relief activities of child labor itself, government, factory owners and social organizations, and finds that their rescue has its own characteristics. This paper argues that child labor self-aid has strong dependence, so the results of self-help are not significant. Most of the results of child labor relief come from the efforts of the government and all sectors of society. In the whole child labor assistance, the progressive child labor assistance is the vanguard of all kinds of child labor assistance. It promotes the formation and growing of social groups, and leads or influences the child labor assistance of social organizations. The government's child labor legislation and child labor strike movement have directly affected the factory owner's child labor assistance. During the Progressive Movement, the aid for child labor in the United States was fruitful. The number of child workers employed in factories gradually decreased, and the minimum age of child labor was raised. In a word, the relief of child labor in this period improved the living conditions of child labor to a great extent, thus lightening the harm of industrialization to children, and the center of life of child labor gradually shifted from factory labor to school education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K712.4

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本文編號(hào)：2272830