【摘要】： 沖鋒隊(duì)是納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)最重要的準(zhǔn)軍事組織,對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展具有重大意義,但它在整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中的地位是不斷變化的。本文試圖從沖鋒隊(duì)、納粹黨和納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)三方之間的矛盾關(guān)系來(lái)分析沖鋒隊(duì)在納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)興起、發(fā)展、奪權(quán)、政權(quán)納粹化和第三帝國(guó)時(shí)期等五個(gè)階段地位的演變及演變的原因。 正文共分五章。第一章探討沖鋒隊(duì)在納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)初期的地位。沖鋒隊(duì)產(chǎn)生于戰(zhàn)后整個(gè)魏瑪?shù)聡?guó)準(zhǔn)軍事文化的大背景之下。從沖鋒隊(duì)形成、初步發(fā)展和1923年的軍事化發(fā)展過(guò)程中得出：沖鋒隊(duì)在該時(shí)期一方面為納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)贏得最初的生存空間,另一方面又成為羅姆等國(guó)防軍軍官牽制納粹黨的工具。 第二章探討沖鋒隊(duì)在納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)走向全國(guó)時(shí)期的地位。“啤酒館暴動(dòng)”之后,沖鋒隊(duì)迫于客觀形勢(shì)的變化,在奪權(quán)道路、沖鋒隊(duì)角色定位等問(wèn)題上屈服于希特勒,成為納粹黨的“政治士兵”,為重振納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)立下汗馬功勞。但缺乏納粹主義意識(shí)形態(tài)信仰,尤其是沖鋒隊(duì)角色定位等問(wèn)題又埋下了隱患,使得沖鋒隊(duì)的馴服僅僅是暫時(shí)的。 第三章探討沖鋒隊(duì)在納粹奪權(quán)時(shí)期的地位。沖鋒隊(duì)在該時(shí)期是一柄雙刃劍：一方面是納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)吸引大眾,打擊政治對(duì)手不可替代的強(qiáng)有力工具；另一方面不同的社會(huì)成分、意識(shí)形態(tài)、奪權(quán)道路和財(cái)政糾紛、權(quán)力斗爭(zhēng)等因素增強(qiáng)了沖鋒隊(duì)的獨(dú)立傾向,成為納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)的威脅。沖鋒隊(duì)的兩面性在1932年7月選舉后盡顯無(wú)遺,但因其對(duì)奪權(quán)的重要性而得到希特勒的遷就。希特勒上臺(tái)增加了納粹黨遏制沖鋒隊(duì)的籌碼。 第四章探討沖鋒隊(duì)在政權(quán)納粹化時(shí)期的地位。納粹黨在該時(shí)期試圖實(shí)現(xiàn)由權(quán)力分享者到獨(dú)裁者,由在野黨到執(zhí)政黨的角色轉(zhuǎn)變。沖鋒隊(duì)用暴力協(xié)助納粹黨掃清運(yùn)動(dòng)之外的敵人后,無(wú)法適應(yīng)形勢(shì)的新變化,“繼續(xù)革命”妨礙納粹黨的角色轉(zhuǎn)換�！伴L(zhǎng)刀之夜”是沖鋒隊(duì)命運(yùn)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。 第五章探討沖鋒隊(duì)在第三帝國(guó)時(shí)期的地位�！伴L(zhǎng)刀之夜”之后,沖鋒隊(duì)地位急轉(zhuǎn)直下,成為無(wú)足輕重的附屬組織。但在自我清理和重組之后它仍然是一個(gè)規(guī)模龐大的組織,為納粹運(yùn)動(dòng)承擔(dān)各種工作,其本身的作用也隨著二戰(zhàn)的到來(lái)而發(fā)生微妙的變化。
[Abstract]:The stormtroopers are the most important paramilitary organization in the Nazi movement, which is of great significance to the development of the movement, but its position is constantly changing in the whole process of the movement. This paper attempts to analyze the evolution and evolution of the status of the stormtroopers in the five stages of the rise, development, seizure of power, regime Nazism and the third Reich from the perspective of the contradictory relations among the stormtroopers, the Nazi party and the Nazi movement. The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the status of the stormtroopers in the early days of the Nazi movement. The stormtroopers emerged from the background of the German paramilitary culture after the war. From the formation of the stormtroopers, the preliminary development and the militarization development in 1923, it is concluded that the stormtroopers won the initial living space for the Nazi movement in this period, on the other hand, they became the tools for the Roma and other army officers to restrain the Nazis. The second chapter discusses the status of the stormtroopers in the Nazi movement to the national period. After the Brewery riots, the stormtroopers, forced by the changes of the objective situation, succumbed to Hitler on issues such as the road to power, the role of the stormtroopers, and became "political soldiers" of the Nazi Party, making great contributions to reviving the Nazi movement. However, the lack of Nazi ideology, especially the role of the stormtroopers, has buried hidden dangers, which makes the taming of the stormtroopers only temporary. The third chapter discusses the status of the stormtroopers during the Nazi occupation of power. The Stormtroopers were a double-edged sword during the period: on the one hand, the Nazi movement was an irreplaceable tool for attracting the masses and attacking political opponents; on the other hand, there were different social elements, ideologies, power grabbing roads and financial disputes. Power struggles and other factors reinforced the independence of the stormtroopers and became a threat to the Nazi movement. The two sides of the Stormtroopers were clear after the July 1932 elections, but were reconciled by Hitler because of their importance to the seizure of power. Hitler's rise to power added leverage to the Nazi Stormtroopers. Chapter four discusses the status of stormtroopers in the period of Nazism. During that period, the Nazis tried to change their roles from power-shavers to dictators, from opposition parties to the ruling party. The stormtroopers used violence to help the Nazis clear out their enemies outside the movement, unable to adapt to the new changes in the situation, and the continued Revolution prevented the Nazis from changing roles. Long Dao Night was the turning point of the Stormtroopers' fate. Chapter five explores the status of the Stormtroopers during the third Reich. After the long knife Night, the stormtroopers plunged into an unimportant subsidiary. But after self-cleaning and restructuring, it is still a large organization for the Nazi movement to undertake all kinds of work, its own role with the advent of World War II has undergone subtle changes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K516.44

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