【摘要】： 我們生活在一個充滿活力卻并不完美的時代,也向往一個更加美好的社會。這一永恒的追求使我們越來越需要了解民主、研究民主、完善民主,即便是民主概念本身的深奧和復(fù)雜使普通人望而卻步。19世紀上半葉,一場氣勢浩大的民主運動-杰克遜民主-席卷了整個美國。安德魯·杰克遜是美國第7任總統(tǒng),是他那個時代里最具影響力的人物,也是個實干家和擴張主義者。杰克遜通過擴大普選,取消“黨派核心會議制”和頻繁使用總統(tǒng)否決權(quán)來推廣和強化民主。鑒于這些原因,他也被許多人視為當(dāng)時美國社會中民主情結(jié)的象征,后人甚至把他的民主思想和實踐歸納為杰克遜民主。然而,需要指出的是,這樣一個“平民化”的民主時代也存在著不少反民主的污點瑕疵,并形成美國式民主的悖論。譬如,雖然這一運動常常抨擊當(dāng)時社會里存在的特權(quán)和壟斷,并試圖通過擴大經(jīng)濟、政治和社會生活等各個領(lǐng)域中的機會來消除特權(quán)現(xiàn)象,但歷史學(xué)家們?nèi)匀痪瓦@一運動的社會本質(zhì)爭論不休。本文作者對杰克遜的兩屆任期作了深入的研究分析,并從社會歷史觀的視角重新定義杰克遜民主。近年來,歷史學(xué)家們在探討、闡釋杰克遜民主時,常常把杰克遜民主所內(nèi)含的夸大、反諷和虛偽成分統(tǒng)統(tǒng)強加在作為個體的杰克遜本人身上,作者注意到也批評了這一現(xiàn)象,并建議為了公正客觀地理解杰克遜時代的財富,我們有必要區(qū)分杰克遜民主、杰克遜主義和杰克遜黨主義這三者。基于這些分析討論,本文提出,與其將杰克遜民主看成是一場民主化運動還不如將其視為對民主的一種政治態(tài)度和明確立場。
[Abstract]:We live in a dynamic but not perfect age, and yearn for a better society. This timeless quest makes it increasingly necessary to understand democracy, to study it, to perfect it, even though the profundity and complexity of the concept of democracy itself deterred ordinary people from going through the first half of the 19th century. A powerful democracy movement-Jackson's democracy-swept across the United States. Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States, the most influential figure of his time, a doer and expansionist. Jackson promoted and strengthened democracy by expanding the popular vote, eliminating the "party caucus" and frequent use of presidential veto power. For these reasons, he was also regarded by many as a symbol of the democratic complex in American society at that time, and later generations even summed up his democratic ideas and practices as Jackson's democracy. However, it should be pointed out that such a "popularized" democratic era also has a lot of anti-democratic blemishes and forms the paradox of American-style democracy. For example, although this movement often attacked the privileges and monopolies that existed in society at the time, and sought to eliminate them by expanding opportunities in various fields of economic, political and social life, But historians still argue about the social nature of the movement. The author makes an in-depth study of Jackson's two terms of office and redefines Jackson's democracy from the perspective of social history. In recent years, historians have discussed and interpreted Jackson's democracy, often imposing the exaggeration, irony and hypocrisy of Jackson's democracy on Jackson himself as an individual, and the author notes and criticizes this phenomenon. It is suggested that in order to understand the wealth of Jackson's time fairly and objectively, it is necessary to distinguish between Jackson democracy, Jacksonism and Jackson partism. Based on these analysis and discussion, this paper suggests that Jackson's democracy should be regarded as a political attitude and a clear stand on democracy rather than as a democratic movement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：K712
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本文編號：2251498